Matrix-assisted laser identification

Peptide mass fingeiprinting (PMF) is a mass spectrometry based method for protein identification. The protein is cleaved by an enzyme with high specificity (trypsin, Lys-C, Asp-N, etc.) or chemical (CNBr). The peptide mixture generated is analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorp-tion/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI)... 

Anke, G. H., Thomas, M., Frank, G., Reiner, S., Helge, B., Markus, K., and Monika, K. (2008). Challenging the problem of clostridial identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time-of-fight mass spectrometry (MALDl-TOF MS). Anaerobe 14, 242-249. 

Bemdt, P., Hobohm, U., and Langen, H. (1999). Reliable automatic protein identification from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric peptide fingerprints. Electrophoresis 20, 3521-3526. 

Holland, R. D. Wilkes, J. G. Sutherland, J. B. Persons, C. C. Voorhees, K. J. Lay, J. O. Rapid identification of intact whole bacteria based on spectral patterns using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1996,10,1227-1232. 

Hathout, Y. Demirev, P. A. Ho, Y.-P Bundy, J. L. Ryzhov, V. Sapp, L. Stutler, J. Jackman, J. Fenselau, C. Identification of Bacillus spores by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 1999, 65, 4313-4319. 

Krishnamurthy, T. Ross, P. L. Rapid identification of bacteria by direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of whole cells. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1996,10,1992-1996. 

Other pattern recognition strategies have been used for bacterial identification and data interpretation from mass spectra. Bright et al. have recently developed a software product called MUSE, capable of rapidly speciating bacteria based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectra.13 MUSE constructs a spectral database of representative microbial samples by using single point vectors to consolidate spectra of similar (not identical) microbial strains. Sample unknowns are then compared to this database and MUSE determines the best matches for identification purposes. In a... 

Jarman, K. H. Cebula, S. T. Saenz, A. J. Peterson, C. E. Valentive, N. B. Kingsley, M. T. Wahl, K. L. An algorithm for automated bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1217-1223. 

The focus of this chapter is the development of a technique often called wholecell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) or whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS. Some groups prefer to use terms such as intact or unprocessed rather than whole, but the intended meaning is the same regardless of which word is used. As noted in the first chapter of this book, there are many different methods for the analysis of bacteria. However, for the analysis of intact or unprocessed bacteria, whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS is the most commonly used approach. This method is very rapid. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole cells takes only minutes because the samples can be analyzed directly after collection from a bacterial culture suspension. Direct MALDI MS analysis of fungi or viruses is similar in approach1,2 but is not covered in this chapter. MALDI-TOF MS of whole cells was developed with very rapid identification or differentiation of bacteria in mind. The name (whole cell) should not be taken to imply that the cells are literally intact or whole. Rather, it should be taken to mean that the cells that have not been treated or processed in any way specifically for the removal or isolation of any cellular components from any others. In whole-cell analysis the cells have been manipulated only as necessary to... 

Dai, Y. Li, L. Roser, D. C. Long, S. R. Detection and identification of low-mass peptides and proteins from solvent suspensions of Escherichia coli by high performance liquid chromatography fractionation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1999,13,73-78. 

Haag, A. M. Taylor, S. N. Johnston, K. H. Cole, R. B. Rapid identification and spe-ciation of Elaemophilus bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry J. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 33,750-756. 

Bernardo, K. Pakulat, N. Macht, M. Krut, O. Seifert, H. Fleer, S. Hunger, F. Kronke, M. Identification and discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus strains using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2002, 2, 747-753. 

Smole, S. C. King, L. A. Leopold, P. E. Arbeit, R. D. Sample preparation of Grampositive bacteria for identification by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2002, 48,107-115. 

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTRAL PATTERN-MATCHING APPROACHES TO MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/ IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION... 

Du, Z. Yang, R. Guo, Z. Song, Y. Wang, J. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and determination of its methicillin resistance by matrix-assisted laser desorp-tion/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2002,74,5487-5491. 

Pineda, F. J. Antoine, M. D. Demirev, P A. Feldman, A. B. Jackman, J. Longenecker, M. Lin, J. S. Microorganism identification by matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry and model-derived ribosomal protein biomarkers. Anal. Chem. 2003,75,3817-3822. 

Yao, Z. P. Afonso, C. Fenselau, C. Rapid microorganism identification with on-slide proteolytic digestion followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry and database searching. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2002,16,1953-1956. 

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