Materials Thermodynamics

Y. AUSTIN CHANG and W. ALAN OATES Lecture Topics in Materials Thermodynamics... 

Yokokawa H. Materials thermodynamics A bridge from fundamentals to applications. Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 2002 2002(26) 1-15. 

Brewer, L., Chemistry and Metallurgy of Miscellaneous Materials Thermodynamics , paper 7... 

Miscellaneous Materials Thermodynamics , paper 6 (L. L. Quill, ed.), McGraw-Hill Publications, New York, 1950. 

Diffusion Theory. The diffusion theory of adhesion is mostly applied to polymers. It assumes mutual solubility of the adherend and adhesive to form a true interpliase. The solubility parameter, the square root of the cohesive energy density of a material, provides a measure of the intemiolecular interactions occurring witliin the material. Thermodynamically, solutions of two materials are most likely to occur when the solubility parameter of one material is equal to that of the other. Thus, the observation that "like dissolves like." In other words, the adhesion between two polymeric materials, one an adherend, the other an adhesive, is maximized when the solubility parameters of the two are matched ie, the best practical adhesion is obtained when there is mutual solubility between adhesive and adherend. The diffusion theory is not applicable to substantially dissimilar materials, such as polymers on metals, and is normally not applicable to adhesion between substantially dissimilar polymers. 

Brewer, L. "Chemistry and Metallurgy of Miscellaneous Materials Thermodynamics" ed. L. L. Quill (McGraw-Hill,... 

L. Brewer, L. A. Bromley, P. W. Gilles, and N. L. Lofgren in "Chemistry and Metallurgy of Miscellaneous Materials Thermodynamics," L. L. Quill, Ed., National Nuclear Energy Series IV-19B, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1950. 

The most common solid oxide, which is used as electrolyte in SOFC, is a mixture of zirconia and yttria. YSZ contains between 8 and 10 mol% yttrium. It is an oxide ion conductor with a sufficiently high conductivity at temperatures around 1000 °C. This is an advantage for the direct oxidation of fuels in the fuel cell, but is a very challenging temperature for any material. Thermodynamics predict an efficiency of 80%. A further advantage of the high operation temperature is the possibility to efficiently use the waste heat in a combined cycle power plant. 

The most comprehensive and up-to-date tables of thermodynamic functions are those produced by the National Bureau of Standards but they relate only to the temperature 25 X. They need to be supplemented by tables relating the values at other temperatures to those at 25 C. For this purpose those compiled by Kelley are the most extensive. Other useful, though less extensive, tables are found in "The chemistry and metallurgy of miscellaneous materials. Thermodynamics edited by Quill (McGraw-Hill, 1960). 

Two main factors exert direct influence on the impregnation of porous materials—thermodynamic and kinetic. Whereas thermodynamic factors define the conditions of adsorption of compositions onto the surface of material pores, kinetic factors influence the speed of impregnation, which is determined primarily hy the size of the pores in the material, the viscosity of the composition, and the wetting of the pore surface with the composition. 

Lencka, M.M., Riman, R.E. Hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite materials thermodynamic modeUing and experimental verification. Ferroelectrics 151,159-164 (1994)... 

Chang,Y. A.,Oats,A. W. (2010) Materials Thermodynamics. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley and Sons. 

Algebra geometry trigonometry calculus (including vector calculus) differential equations statistics numerical analysis algorithmic science computational methods circuits statics dynamics fluids materials thermodynamics continuum mechanics stability theory wave propagation diffusion heat and mass transfer fluid mechanics atmospheric engineering solid mechanics. 

Metallographic examination is a valuable tool in providing an understanding of structure/property relationships in many engineering materials. The true value in these examinations cannot be obtained without an intimate knowledge of a materials thermodynamic phase equilibria, and the effects of environmental factors on that equilibria. While this knowledge can be gleaned from the numerous technical volumes available, first hand experience can be a far better teacher. 

Giona, M., and Giustiniani, M.. Size-dependent adsorption models in microporous materials Thermodynamic consistency and theoretical analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.. 34(11), 3848-3855 (1995). 

In 2008, Shao et al. reported a SDC-Bao.5Sro.5Coo.8Feo.203.5(BSCF) cathode for SC-SOFCs at reduced temperatures [18]. In a methane-air mixture feed, an SC-SOFC using this cathode exhibited peak power densities of about 570 mW cm at 600 °C, which is comparable to that obtained when using the SDC-SSC cathode in similar conditions. However, Yan et al. pointed out the low chemical stabilities of BSCF to CO2 under fuel cell conditions [19]. This material thermodynamically reacts with CO2 to form carbonates. 

High durability reliability Materials thermodynamics are particularly important in SOFC because not mily fabrication processes but also operation processes are fully understood... 

For cathode materials, thermodynamic features of reactions with gaseous impurities are essentially the same as those reactions with YSZ electrolyte. Important poisoning elements are... 

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