Continuum thermodynamics

Lustig, SR Camthers, JM Peppas, NA, Continuum Thermodynamics and Transport Theory for Polymer-Fluid Mixtures, Chemical Engineering Science 12, 3037, 1992. 

MSN.77. 1. Prigogine, Microscopic aspects of entropy and the statistical foundations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Proceedings, International Symposium on Foundations of Continuum Thermodynamics, Bussaco, Delgado Domingo, M. N. R. Nina and J. H. Whitelaw, eds., Lisboa, 1974,... 

The MO theory does not give bond energies in accord with a pairwise interaction scheme. The trends in Fig. 3 indicate bond energy is not proportional to average bond number and would seem to discourage the use of continuum thermodynamic approaches at this size range. 

Theoretical approaches to nucleation go back almost 80 years to the development of Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) by Volmer and Weber, Becker and Doring and Zeldovich [9,10,17-20]. CNT is an approximate nucleation model based on continuum thermodynamics, which views nucleation embryos as tiny liquid drops of molecular dimension. In CNT, the steady-state nucleation rate /, can be written in the form / a where jS, is the monomer condensation... 

Lustig SR, Camthers JM, and Peppas NA. Continuum thermodynamics and transport theory for polymer-fluid mixtures. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1992 47(12) 3037-3057. 

The origin of the metastability of sujjersaturated vapors can be understood in an elementary way using ideas from continuum thermodynamics. It is clear that small aggregates of vapor molecules are intermediates in the transformation from gas-phase monomers to condensate. As a first approximation we can view these small cluster intermediates as microscopic continuum droplets, which by virtue of the Kelvin equation are known to have elevated vapor pressures. This elevation in vapor pressure is given by... 

Owing to the importance of the free energy of formation of clusters as a function of cluster size, a number of methods have been developed to evaluate AG. A common approach utilizes continuum thermodynamics as in Eqs. (2.2) and (2.3). The use of continuum thermodynamics has been critiqued extensively in the literature, and we make no effort to review that criticism in this chapter. It is clear that the principal shortcoming of the continuum approach is the neglect of the inherent atomistic nature of clusters. Consequently continuum thermodynamics can be expected to be least appropriate for small clusters. We shall give some indication of the numerical accuracy of continuum thermodynamics for small clusters in Section V. 

Lhuillier, D. Thermo-mechanical modelling of nematic polymers. In Continuum Thermodynamics Maugin, G.A., Drouot, R., Sidoroff, F.S., Eds. Kluwer Dordrecht, 2000 237-246. 

The quantitative theories of fracture which are currently in use are based on a fundamental principle of continuum thermodynamics, namely the first law or the energy balance which states that... 

From the scientific definition point of view, there is a slight difference between our continuum thermodynamics definition of the Second Law and its statistical mechanical version so that the continuum thermodynamics definition of the Second Law states that an observation of decreased universal entropy is impossible in isolated systems however the statistical mechanical definition says that an observation of universal increased entropy is not probable. 

Gurtin, M.E. Modem continuum thermodynamics. In Nemat-Nasser, S. (ed.) Mechanics Today, vol. 1 (1972). Pergamon Press, New York (1974)... 

Astarita, G. An Introduction to Non-linear Continuum Thermodynamics. Societa Editrice di Chimica, Milano (1975)... 

Gurtin, G.E., Williams, W.O. An axiomatic foundation for continuum thermodynamics. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 26(2), 83-117 (1967)... 

Fosdick, R.L., Serrin, J. Global properties of continuum thermodynamic processes. Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 59(2), 97-109 (1975)... 

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