Self-organized materials

Stupp SI, LeBonheur V, Walker K, Li LS, Huggins KE, Keser M, Amstutz A. Supramolecular materials self-organized nanostructures. Science 1997 276 384-389. 

Perspectives of nanochemistry development for metal/carbon nanocomposites S5mthesis and for the material self-organization. 

Figure 7-29. (a) Schematic representation of the hierarchicalgeneration of a hybrid membrane material self-organization in solution (i) and sol-gel transcription of encoded molecuUtr features into a hybrid heteropolysUoxane material (ii) (b) crystal packing of the macrocyclic superstructure. 

Patterns of ordered molecular islands surrounded by disordered molecules are common in Langmuir layers, where even in zero surface pressure molecules self-organize at the air—water interface. The difference between the two systems is that in SAMs of trichlorosilanes the island is comprised of polymerized surfactants, and therefore the mobihty of individual molecules is restricted. This lack of mobihty is probably the principal reason why SAMs of alkyltrichlorosilanes are less ordered than, for example, fatty acids on AgO, or thiols on gold. The coupling of polymerization and surface anchoring is a primary source of the reproducibihty problems. Small differences in water content and in surface Si—OH group concentration may result in a significant difference in monolayer quahty. Alkyl silanes remain, however, ideal materials for surface modification and functionalization apphcations, eg, as adhesion promoters (166—168) and boundary lubricants (169—171). 

Self-organized materials with high surface area and pore size 3-25 nm was produced used templating and coassembly. The highly porous nature of the ordered combined with low adsorption and emission in the visible spectrum, facile diffusion makes them good candidate for optical and chemical sensor and provide new avenues for encapsulation/ immobilization processes and solve the problems mentioned above. 

It is essential to elucidate intermolecular interactions involved in self-organization, whose significance is not limited to material science but extends to the ingenuity of biological systems [5]. 

Donnio, B., Garcia-Vazquez, P., Gallani, J.-L., Guillon, D. and Terazzi, E. (2007) Dendronized Ferromagnetic Gold Nanopartides Self-Organized in a Thermotropic Cubic Phase. Advanced Materials, 19, 3534-3539. 

Self-Organization of Materials Into Microscale Patterns by Using Dissipative Structures... 

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