Mass transfer analysis extraction

The main complication with this technique is that the mass transfer analysis is nontrivial. For example, the change of velocity as a function of the distance down the jet was not taken into account in modeling the system. The LJRR has been used to study the diffusivities of benzene and toluene in water [41] and cupric ion extraction [42,49]. 

Baneriea S, Datta S, and Sanyal SK. Mass transfer analysis of the extraction of Cr(VI) by liquid surfactant membrane. Sep Sci Technol 2000 35 483-501. 

Alonso A., Urtiaga A.M., Irabien A., and Ortiz M.I., Extraction of Cr(VI) with Aliquat 336 in hollow fiber contactors Mass transfer analysis, Chem Eng. Sci. 49, 901, 1994. 

Chakraborty, M., Bhattacharya, C. and Datta, S. (2003). Effect of drop size distribution on mass transfer analysis of the extraction of nickel (If) by emulsion hquid membrane. CoUoids Surf. A, 224, 65-74. 

Chapter 16. Mass Transfer Analysis for Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, and Extraction... 

These four equations are valid if F/(mS) 1. The grouping (mS)/F is the extraction factor that was introduced in Chapter 13. To understand some of the differences between a staged analysis and a mass-transfer analysis, these results should be conpared with the Kremser Eqs. (13-lla.bl (see Problem 16A1.)... 

Because extraction mixer-setders typically operate at stage efficiencies above 80% and often in the range from 95% to 100%, the equilibrium stage analysis in Section 13.14 is often used with an assumed value for the stage efficiency. However, a more accurate design will result if a mass-transfer analysis is used to estimate the stage efficiency. The purpose of the analysis will be to estimate the value of the dispersed-phase Murphree stage efficiency, Ej. ... 

Use mass transfer analysis for extraction mixer-settler design... 

The properties of supercritical fluids that make them useful chromatographic mobile phases also make their use as extraction solvents an attractive option for polymer analysis. The low viscosities and high solute diffusivities allow efficient mass transfer during extraction, and the relatively low extraction temperatures reduce the risk of analyte degradation. Thus, the extraction of polymer additives from polymer matrices by using supercritical fluids has many advantages over conventional liquid solvent extraction, with the potential of higher recoveries and shorter analysis times. The further combination... 

Thus adsorption asks a different kind of question than the questions asked in absorption, distillation, or extraction. In absorption or differential distillation, the basic question is how tall a tower is needed. This question is answered with a mass transfer analysis, including an operating line and an equilibrium line. The mass transfer analysis includes overall and individual coefficients summarized by dimensionless correlations. In staged distillation or extraction, the basic question is how many stages are needed. This question is resolved largely with operating and equilibrium lines, with the mass transfer aspects conveniently compressed into an efficiency. In absorption, distillation, and extraction, the analysis is sufficiently reliable to answer the questions without experiment. 

OS 94][R 13][P 74]ForadmixtureofsampleswifhvaryingconcentrationsofCo(ll) and Cu(II), the respective changes in the Co(ll) chelate complex concentration as a function of contact time were optically derived [28]. Analysis was performed in the reaction/extraction area and also in the decomposition/removal area (Figure 4.102). As expected, more complex is formed in the reaction/extraction area with increasing contact time. Also, more complex results when increasing the Co(ll) concentration at constant Cu(ll) concentration. This proves that mass transfer is efficient (as high concentrations can also be handled) and that no interference from other analytes falsifies the measurement. As a result, calibration curves were derived. 

Hossain, M.M. and Dean, J. (2008) Extraction of penicillin G from aqueous solutions Analysis of reaction equilibrium and mass transfer. Separation and Purification Technology, 62, 437. 

For ion-pair extraction, a cation is extracted with an anion into oil. In this case, individual ions or the ion pair species transfer across a microdroplet/water interface and the extraction rate is expected to depend on the Galvani potential between the microdroplet and water, the ion transfer potentials across the liquid/liquid interface, the association constant of the ions in the solution and so forth [46-54]. Therefore, the mass transfer processes are complicated even in the absence of adsorption of an ion at the microdroplet/water interface. In this section, the kinetic analysis of a simple ion-pair extraction without adsorption is described and the extraction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the single microdroplet technique. 

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