Mass-law equation

In order that the value of the equilibrium constant does not change, K should equal fCp for this to happen pBj must decrease and/orpAB must increase, i.e., more of B2 and A2 will react to yield AB. A similar consequence would follow on the addition of the component B2 at equilibrium. Another factor can be the addition of an inert gas. This can be done at constant volume. In this case, since there is no change in the total volume, the concentrations of A2, B2 and AB will have the same individual values as before the addition of the inert gas and as such there will be no change in the reaction or in the value of the equilibrium constant. An alternative way of adding the inert gas is to do so at constant pressure. In this case, the addition will cause an increase in the number of moles in the gas mixture and this will merely lead to an increase in the total volume at constant temperature, without altering the initial quantities of A2 or B2. Since the mass law equation for this type of reac-... 

The common ion A- is disregarded. In this case only the cation B+ reacts with water, and the mass law equation for the above reaction is... 

It has been assumed here that G is present in such excess that its total concentration [G]x does not fall appreciably when AR G is formed. [G] in the mass law equation can then be replaced by [G]T. 

The question then becomes that of the significance of the ion-exchange and mass-law equations which successfully account for the dependence of micellar rate constants upon the concentrations of surfactant and reactive and inert counterions. It seems reasonable to continue to use these descriptions at the present time, despite uncertainties as to the location of hydrophilic counterions at the micellar surface. 

The results of a newly proposed model for adsorption at the oxide/water interface are discussed. The modeling approach is similar to other surface complexation schemes, but mass-law equations are corrected for the effect of the electrostatic field. In this respect, this model bridges the gap between those models that emphasize physical interactions. The general applicability of the model is demonstrated with comparisons of calculations and experimental data for adsorption of metal ions, anions, and metal-ligand complexes. Intrinsic ionization and surface complexation constants can be determined with an improved double extrapolation technique. 

We are already acquainted with the mass law equations that connect atmospheric CO2 and surface waters. We have seen in Example 7.8 that ocean surface water is markedly supersaturated with respect to CaC03 thus the addition of CO2 does not cause any CaC03 dissolution. Hence the buffer factor in equation 27 can be evaluated under conditions of constant alkalinity. This problem has also been examined in Example 4.10. 

Note Components are listed on the top row (HaO is a component, but not shown) species are listed in the first column. Mass law equations are given across rows mole balance equations are given down columns. Additional information on the formulation of a chemical equilibrium problem in a tableau is given in Morel and Hering (30). 

Mass Law equation is written for each species logc,- = log i + Evylog Jf ... 

Surface complexation models of the solid-solution interface share at least six common assumptions (1) surfaces can be described as planes of constant electrical potential with a specific surface site density (2) equations can be written to describe reactions between solution species and the surface sites (3) the reactants and products in these equations are at local equilibrium and their relative concentrations can be described using mass law equations (4) variable charge at the mineral surface is a direct result of chemical reactions at the surface (5) the effect of surface charge on measured equilibrium constants can be calculated and (6) the intrinsic (i.e., charge and potential independent) equilibrium constants can then be extracted from experimental measurements (Dzombak and Morel, 1990 Koretsky, 2000). 

These starting assumptions can be extended further, by postulating a set of mass law equations to describe the response of the mineral surface to variation in pH ... 

Substitution of the mass law equations from Table II into equation 7 gives a general competition model describing e rate of dehalogenation by iron in the presence of a competing ligand ... 

Mass law equations can be applied to reactions at these sites. 

The equilibrium constant for the phosphorolysis of sucrose, expressed by the mass law equation ... 

The mass law equation for this equilibrium binding, where is the association constant, can be expressed in the following forms. 

It appears to be generally accepted that about 50 to 60% of the total serum calcium is dialyzable and therefore presumably in ionized form while the remainder is non-diffusible and is bound to protein, but any exact relationship between calcium and protein in serum remains obscure. The original suggestion that this relationship could be expressed by the simple mass law equation ... 

All mass law equations are written in terms of concentrations, which would be appropriate for the aqueous species in a constant ionic mediiun. Both for the proton at the surface and the... 

Notes First numbers coefficients in mass law equations calculated horizontally (e.g., for OH [OH ] = for... 

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