Mass copper phthalocyanines

P.B.9 matches the standard cyan for three and four color printing (Sec. 1.8.1.1). The pigment is continually losing significance as it is being displaced by the similarly shaded [3-modification of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue. The latter offers a number of applicational and economical advantages. P.B.9 continues to be used in mass colored paper, textile printing, and in colored pencils. 

Ion implantation reaction using a mass spectrometer was first studied by Italian researchers Croatto and Giacomello. Since then implantation of Cr in K2Cr04 (Andersen and Sorensen 1966), and S" in alkali halides (Freeman et al. 1967 Andersen and Ebbesen 1971 Kasrai et al. 1971), Co in trans- and cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]N03 (Andersen and Ostergaard 1968 Wolf and Fritsch 1969) and Cu in copper phthalocyanine (Andersen and Ostergaard 1968) were investigated. 

Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as impurities in copper phthalocyanine blue and green, as well as in PR 144. PCBs are suspected carcinogens, and their concentration in commercial products is limited in the United States to a max-... 

The author would like to thank Dr. Yong Xu for his help and contribution with the Mass Spectrometry section, Ms. Lisa Clapp and Mr. Jim Black for their assistance with the X-ray diffraction patterns, Mr. Alexander Okafor for his help with UV-Visi-ble spectrophotometry and Dr. Xin Zhang for her contribution to the HPLC of sulfo-nated copper phthalocyanine. 

AlKoxysllane containing super-fine particles of copper phthalocyanine 10 of 10 mass%. 

There are two main classes of materials from which OLED devices can be made, low-molar-mass compounds, often referred to as small molecules, which are deposited by vacuum evaporation [1] and mainchain, highly conjugated polymers, which are processed from solution by ink-jet printing, for example [10]. A hole injection layer is often used as the first layer on top of the conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coated substrate. This layer can be either an evaporated small molecule, such as copper phthalocyanine, or a conductive polymer like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) shown in Fig. 7.3 [11]. The role of the hole injection layer is to match the HOMO levels of the ITO and the hole transport materials, such as aromatic amines, and, especially in the case of PEDT, to planarise the rough ITO surface. 

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