Marking associated apparatus

The following examples show the EN marking for associated apparatus, as explained above ... 

Generally, the brackets [ ] indicate an associated apparatus (see examples 3 and 4 in Table 6.45) or electrical circuits deviating from the ATEX 100a category of the apparatus (see example 2 in Table 6.45). To some extent, the brackets may be read as The apparatus contains additional electrical circuits which comply with the category marked in brackets. ... 

Table 6.45 Marking and application of intrinsically safe and associated apparatus...

Figure 6.198 Example for marking of an associated apparatus (binary output to drive a solenoid valve).

For each interconnection of an intrinsically safe circuit with an associated apparatus a proof of intrinsic safety - i shall be performed on the basis of the safety-related maximum values. As far as the simple standard design given in this example (Fig. 6.218) is concerned, it is assumed that the associated apparatus only - the Ex i-isolator - can feed electrical power into the intrinsically safe circuit. Therefore the safety-related parameters are marked as out-parameters with the subscript o. On the other side, the intrinsically safe apparatus may consume electrical power only. Its values are marked as in-parameters, subscript i. ... 

Nitrobenzene. Usually rather a troublesome solvent, as it is markedly hygroscopic and the freezing-point of the solvent itself tends to fall steadily moreover it is, like benzene, an associating solvent. For a modification of the above freezing-point apparatus, by which the determination may be made in the absence of water-vapour, the student should consult an advanced textbook of practical physical chemistry. 

Dock, M., F., Mark, and C. Colin. Novel detection apparatus for locating underwater unexploded ordnance, in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Technology and the Mine Problem, Mine Warfare Association, Monterey, CA, April 2002a. 

The apparatus shown in Fig. 5.9 was devised by the Wool Industries Research Association for the rapid determination of the mean fibre diameter of wool samples. The instrument consists of a microscope L which projects an image enlarged 500 times onto the white screen T. I he stage S carries a glass slide on which the sample to be measured is mounted, and illumination is provided by the lamp at H. The focusing and movement of the stage are controlled by the adjustment mechanisms marked Cj and Cj. A convenient way of preparing a suitably randomized sample of the fibres is to... 

Table 4 provides a comparison of the time required for various steps in microwave versus convective thermal ashing, taking into account all the associated preparations, the cool-down phase, and cleaning of the apparatus, which has the effect of reducing somewhat the marked time advantage of the microwave-assisted ashing period. The threefold lime advantage of the complete microwave-... 

Figure 6.17 shows the result of such measurements originating from those of Figure 6.16 by subtracting the furnace temperature Tp from I m of the sample system. The curves representing exothermic and endothermic processes clearly differ to a marked extent from one another. The delay Afo in recording the transition results from the heat transfer process between the substance and the temperature sensor. The other distortion in time (the time intervals Afi, Af2, and Atj) depends on the nature and quality of the heat conduction path between the heater and the temperature sensor in other words, it is associated with the apparatus used. 

The drawing on the cover fllustrates a central theme of the book using molecular concepts to reinforce the development of thermodynamic principles. The cover illustration depicts a turbine, a common process that can be analyzed using thermodynamics. A cutaway of the physical apparatus reveals a hypothetical thermodynamic pathway marked by dashed arrows. Using this text, students will learn how to construct such pathways to solve a variety of problems. The hgure also contains a molecular dipole, which is drawn in the PT plane associated with the real fluid. By showing how principles of thermodynamics relate to concepts learned in prior courses, this text helps students construct new knowledge on a sohd conceptual foundation. 

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