Markers prostatic acid phosphatase

Seamonds B, Yang N, Anderson K, Whitaker B, Shaw LM> Bollinger JR. Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase as prostate cancer markers. Urology 1986 28 472-9. 

Acid phosphatases are enzymes that have been studied extensively due to the fact that their dysregulation is associated with pathophysiological conditions. This characteristic has been exploited for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. As an example, prostatic acid phosphatase was the first marker for metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and the dysregulation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase is associated with abnormal bone resorption linked to osteoporosis. 

The lysosomal acid phosphatase enzyme played a key role in the discovery of lysosomes by de Duve in 1963 and is widely used as a lysosomal marker. This enzyme shows a high degree of sequence similarity (ca. 49 % identity) with prostatic acid phosphatase [9] and both are inhibited by L-(+)-tartrate ion [10]. 

Heyderman E, Brown BM, Richardson TC. Epithelial markers in prostatic, bladder, and colorectal cancer an immunoper-oxidase study of epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembry-onic antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase. J Clin Pathol. 1984 37 1363. 

The earlier a disease is diagnosed, the more efficient a therapy can be. This is true for virtually any type of disease, including infectious conditions [1], Alzheimer s disease as well as other dementias [2, 3], and is best documented for tumorous diseases [4], where the current compilation of internationally acknowledged markers in human blood [5] contains not more than a handful of proteins Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), CA 125 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-feto protein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotro pin (HCG), CA 19-9, CA 15-3, CA 27-29, lac... 

Tumour markers fall into one of several groups they may be homiones. e.g. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secreted by choriocarcinoma or enzymes, e.g. prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate carcinoma or tumour antigens. e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal carcinoma. 

Prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) is one of the earlier prostate lineage markers that was exploited for immunolabeling of PCa before the discovery of PSA. Currently, its use as a marker of prostatic differentiation has declined given its relative lack of specificity compared with PSA and the more variable staining of PSAP in higher-grade PCa. > ... 

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