Marine antifoulants organotins

Organotin compounds are widely used as marine antifouling compounds, wood preservatives, stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride), antihelmintics, and so on. 

Tributyltm species, especially (Bu3Sn)20 and tributyltin phosphate and naphthenate, have been used in wood preservation as fungicides and as biocides for destructive insects. Tributyltins (and to a lesser extent, triphenyltins) have been used in marine antifoulant paints due to their broad range activity. The use of organotin polymers in which the... 

Tin has a strong tendency to form organometallic complexes. Organotin compounds are used in marine antifoulant agents. Of course, there can be many tin species... 

The geochemical behavior of organotins has been the object of studies for TBT and TPT especially, due to their utilization as active materials in marine antifoulants. The chemical form of TBT in seawater is still not well known chlorides, hydroxides and carbonates could possibly coexist in equilibrium conditions (Laughlin et al. 1986). The sediment could act as a reservoir with ulterior exchange with the aquatic environment. 

Film-forming biocidal polymers useful in marine antifouling compositions selected from trialkyltin groups chemically bound to homo- and copolymeric chains of organotin acrylate were prepared by various methods such as (1) the polymerization of trialkyltin acrylate or methacrylate monomers, (2) chemical modification of functionalized polymer as P(S-MA) with bis(tributyltm) oxide, (3) grafting or blending of the polymers, e.g., PVC, with trialkyltin acrylate (Scheme 3.23) [262]. 

Ferrer and Barcelo [131] used online solid-phase-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the simultanous determination of organotin antifouling herbicides in marine water. The solid-phase extraction was carried out on polymeric cartridges after percolation of 100 ml of the seawater sample, and... 

Organotin levels of the sediments, especially in tributyltin, are found to be very high compared with those of waters. It has been shown that Bu3Sn+, like other organometallics, is adsorbed rapidly by marine and other sediments. The sediment therefore represents a sink for Bu3Sn+ leached from the antifouling coating of boats. 

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