Marine aggregates

Alldredge, A. L. 2000. Interstitial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations within sinking marine aggregates and their potential contribution to carbon flux. Limnology and Oceanography 45 1245-1253. 

Smith, D. C., M. Simon, A. L. Alldredge, and F. Azam. 1992. Intense hydrolytic enzyme activity on marine aggregates and implications for rapid particle dissolution. Nature 359 139-142. 

Chloride ions may be introduced to the fresh mix from mixing water, marine aggregate, or admixtures with chloride components. The chloride ions also penetrate to the hardened concrete materials from the air through pores, bleed-water channels, entrapped-air voids and cracks. The density of the material and its impermeability is decisive to improving the durability in the case of possible chloride ions attack under service conditions. The intensity of penetration of chlorides is considered as proportional to the value... 

Climate is often viewed as the aggregate of all of the elements of weather, with quantitative definitions being purely physical. However, because of couplings of carbon dioxide and many other atmospheric species to both physical climate and to the biosphere, the stability of the climate system depends in principle on the nature of feedbacks involving the biosphere. For example, the notion that sulfate particles originating from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide emitted by marine phytoplankton can affect the albedo (reflectivity) of clouds (Charlson et ai, 1987). At this point these feedbacks are mostly unidentified, and poorly quantified. 

Burd AB, Moran SB, Jackson, GA (2000) A coupled adsorption-aggregation model of the POC/ Th ratio of marine particles. Deep-Sea Res 147 103-120... 

Fig. 2.8 Time series of mean marine snow concentration [kmolP/m3] (solid), number of aggregates [particles/cm3] (dashed), and the mean slope of the particle size distribution in the euphotic zone (solid), and number of aggregates (dashed) at 175W 55°S.

Fig. 2.21 Compartmental burden [t] (left panel), solid lines model experiment with aggregation of marine snow (AGG), dashed lines experiment with satellite assimilation (SAT). Migration of the centre of gravity of the total environmental burden (right panel). Dashed lines show the location of the COG at the end of the simulation. The COG of the SAT experiment is shown in blue, the COG of the AGG experiment in red. Circles represent monthly mean COGs.

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