Manzamines source

Marine sponges are a source of an array of polycyclic diamine alkaloids of common biogenetic origin. This class of secondary metabolites has been the subject of four previous reviews [4-7]. Therefore, the present review will include literature reports previously not discussed, dealing with the isolation, structure determination, biological activities, and total synthesis of polycycUc diamine alkaloids isolated from marine sponges. This review will not include guanidine alkaloids [8,9] or the manzamine alkaloids [10,11], since these compounds have been recently reviewed elsewhere. Only polycycUc... 

There are several reviews referring to manzamine alkaloids [7,31-35]. In this chapter, we will review the structure and source of manzamine alkaloids including the large-scale preparation of manzamine alkaloids for preclinical evaluation. We also discuss the detailed synthesis and bioactivities of manzamine alkaloids. 

Source and Large-scale Preparation of Manzamine Alkaloids... 

In this chapter, the structures, the source, and bioactivity of selected classes of typical marine alkaloids are described. The emphasis is on compounds that have emerged as novel leads, such as lamellarins (pyrroles), cephalostatins/ritterazines (pyrazines) and ecteinascidins (isoquinolines), and manzamines (P-carbolines) to give relevance to the role of marine alkaloids as an important source of leads for drug discovery. 

Among the 3-carboline alkaloids of marine origin, two important classes are eudistomins and manzamines. The eudistomin-type alkaloids form a wide class of polysubstituted P-carbolines, dihydro-, and tetrahydro-P-carbolines most of the members of the class have been isolated from ascidians belonging to the genus Eudistoma, but other sources are the generaRitterella, Pseudodistoma, Didemnum, Synoicum, and Lissoclinum. 

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