Manufacturing defects errors

Even if failure to prevent the above errors has not caused a leak outright, prolonged misuse eventually causes wear on a joint or stopcock, which can then cause permanent damage. Not all defects caused by wear can be distinguished from manufacturing defects by appearance alone. However, if a new item leaks from structural defects, it probably is a manufacturing imperfection. 

This discussion is about drugs that have been properly mcmufactured and meet proper standards, e.g. of purity, stability, as laid down by regulatory bodies or pharmacopoeias. A manufacturing defect would be dealt with in a way no different from manufacturing errors in other products. 

Manufacturing defects occur in a few products of the same make. Most manufacturing defects involve poor quality materials or shoddy workmanship. Some involve production irregularities and errors. 

Manufacturing defects (hardware/software error/fault)... 

Manufacturing Defects, hardware or software errors contributed during manufacturing or system operation. 

Within Reason s model, latent conditions and unsafe acts combine to produce organizational accidents and incidents. Latent conditions are inadequate conditions or failures residing throughout a system and include poor designs, inadequate supervision, manufacturing defects, maintenance failures, inadequate training, clumsy automation, inappropriate or ill-defined procedures, inadequate equipment, and procedural shortcuts, to name only a few. Unsafe acts, on the other hand, represent those errors that are made by human operators at the sharp end of system operation that have an immediate impact upon system safety. 

Pipe manufacture Defects in pipe walls produced by manufacturing errors can make pipes vulnerable to failure... 

This approach to using multiple components is based on the fact that NASA experience indicates the prudence of having redundant components, even if they have demonstrated reliability, to ensure that manufacturing defects or human error does not lead to a mission ending failure. For those components where redundancy is considered impractical, exceptions to the single point failure avoidance requirement is provided. For the... 

Before the individual pieces of equipment are started, they should be checked out. Conoco, as part of its prestartup procedure, sent observers to the manufacturer s plant to observe the fabrication and to test the equipment before it was shipped. They found, among other things, at least 5 pumps with defective seals. These errors were corrected by the vendor before the items were shipped. This checking was in addition to checks performed during the construction phase. 

If an analytical test results in a lower value x, < x0, then the customer may reject the product as to be defective. Due to the variation in the results of analyses and their evaluation by means of statistical tests, however, a product of good quality may be rejected or a defective product may be approved according to the facts shown in Table 4.2 (see Sect. 4.3.1). Therefore, manufacturer and customer have to agree upon statistical limits (critical values) which minimize false-negative decisions (errors of the first kind which characterize the manufacturer risk) and false-positive decisions (errors of the second kind which represent the customer risk) as well as test expenditure. In principle, analytical precision and statistical security can be increased almost to an unlimited extent but this would be reflected by high costs for both manufacturers and customers. 

D Defect Widely defined product design defect, manufacturing error (so that the... 

Introduction. Defects in citrus juices are manufacturing errors that affect the appearance or palatability of the product. Defects usually take the form of inclusions of harmless material that, in a small degree, may be unavoidable. The definition of a defect does not include any type of foreign material, the inclusion of which is totally unacceptable. 

Excessive citrus oil is considered a defect. During processing the amount of oil in citrus juices can be controlled therefore, any excess amount is considered a manufacturing error. 

Mutations also arise naturally during the manufacture of DNA. Thus, the opportunity for error exists every time a cell replicates. Even so, DNA is correctly made almost always. Predictably, cells that divide numerous times are more at risk for errors than cells that divide less frequently. For example, the egg cells are present in a female at birth and never undergo division, while sperm cells in males are constantly being produced. A theory proposes that the cause of birth defects including a type of dwarfism, Marfan syndrome, and myositis ossificans are typically the result of a defective gene contributed by a mutated sperm. 

Aside from the error that may be introduced in the use of high temperature mercurial thermometers by a failure to observe the proper condition of immersion, there are two common sources of error that can be attributed to actual defects in the manufacture of the instrument. These are first, insufficient pressure above the mercury to prevent a breaking of the mercury column, or evaporation at the surface of the mercury, and secondly, improper or insufficient annealing for use at high temperatures. This latter defect may result in a rise of the reading with continued heating amounting to as much as 20°C. in extreme cases. 

Ultimately any supplier s objective is to deliver on customer expectations 100% of the time. DFSS is a systematic approach to develop processes that are capable of delivering on those expectations. " Ideally, all products would behave the same way all the time. In the real world, errors (i.e., defects) can and do occur because all processes exhibit variation. Consequently, all products manufactured via those processes will exhibit variation. DFSS is a systematic methodology to predict that variability and the ability to meet customer needs. The methodology applies a suite of tools to define customer expectations and couples them directly with manufacturing capabilities so that the customer is always satisfied, and the manufacturer can earn adequate returns. 

Secondly, globalized production cannot work unless aU elements of the company s global operations fit together without error. Thus, new production systems based on pervasive computer-mediated design and manufacturing can assemble parts from up and down the supply chain without first-time errors of fit. Modern civil and military aircraft production give prime examples of this freedom from physical error. In a customer-oriented system, any over-cost or delayed delivery is an error with the same effects on company performance as a defective product. The implication for test and inspection is that we must be able to measure these customer needs and convert them into measurable precursors of error states. 

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