Manipulating intermolecular

We now offer some specific examples of how manipulating intermolecular forces can cause a change from one class to another. Recall that at one extreme we have mixtures in class A, which are most nearly ideal, and at the other extreme we have those in class D, which are most strongly nonideal. To change a mixture systematically from ideal to highly nonideal, we must change the degree of disparity in intermolecular... 

Compound 14 can be dismantled in a productive fashion by ret-rosynthetic cleavage of the indicated bonds (see Scheme 4). The intermolecular attack of the amino group in 15 upon the keto function in 16 would be expected to result in the formation of the desired oxime ether after loss of a water molecule. A few functional group manipulations would then complete the synthesis of intermediate 14. A valuable structural feature of 15 is the C-2 oxygen substituent. Although this oxygen atom is not expressed in the natural product, it would certainly play an important role in our... 

Although the notion of monomolecular surface layers is of fundamental importance to all phases of surface science, surfactant monolayers at the aqueous surface are so unique as virtually to constitute a special state of matter. For the many types of amphipathic molecules that meet the simple requirements for monolayer formation it is possible, using quite simple but elegant techniques over a century old, to obtain quantitative information on intermolecular forces and, furthermore, to manipulate them at will. The special driving force for self-assembly of surfactant molecules as monolayers, micelles, vesicles, or cell membranes (Fendler, 1982) when brought into contact with water is the hydrophobic effect. 

The preparation of single isomers for methanol dimer, trimer, and presumably tetramer [16] in a supersonic jet expansion contrasts the structural diversity that can be prepared and manipulated in cryogenic matrices [34]. It underscores the ability of supersonic jet expansions to funnel all intermolecular isomers down to the global minimum, if there are no major barriers to overcome on the way. 

New pH/temperature-sensitive polymer systems with transitions resulting from both polymer-polymer and polymer-water interactions have been demonstrated and their pH/temperature-induced phase transition has been investigated. Intra/intermolecular interactions via hydrogen bond play an important role in determining the phase transition. By manipulating the... 

A knowledge of the magnitude of these quantities and their quantitative contributions to /uE can give insight into the detailed character of the intermolecular interactions in a biopolymer solution, including the means by which their properties may be manipulated. The sign of the second virial coefficient provides a simple indicator of the type of interactions... 

It is clear that combining the design of NLO active molecules with the manipulation of selective intermolecular interactions may produce novel NLO materials that take into account supramolecular features. 

The directed manipulation of intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, metal coordination) gives access to a supramolecular engineering of molecular assemblies and of polymers (see, for instance, [7.10-7.13, 7.44, 9.142, 9.157, 9.161-9.163]) through the design of instructed monomeric and polymeric species. It leads to the development of a supramolecular materials chemistry (see Section 9.8). 

The results presented above illustrate how combining the design of NLO active molecules with the manipulation of selective intermolecular interactions may produce novel NLO materials. Bringing together two basic features of supramolecular chemistry -molecular recognition and self-organization- with the optical properties of the components, opens ways towards the design of supramolecular photonic devices. 

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