Manganese complexes, with carbonyl

The typical SEA process uses a manganese catalyst with a potassium promoter (for solubilization) in a batch reactor. A manganese catalyst increases the relative rate of attack on carbonyl intermediates. Low conversions are followed by recovery and recycle of complex intermediate streams. Acid recovery and purification involve extraction with caustic and heat treatment to further decrease small amounts of impurities (particularly carbonyls). The fatty acids are recovered by freeing with sulfuric acid and, hence, sodium sulfate is a by-product. 

Nitroarenes are reduced to anilines (>85%) under the influence of metal carbonyl complexes. In a two-phase system, the complex hydridoiron complex [HFe,(CO)u]2-is produced from tri-iron dodecacarbonyl at the interface between the organic phase and the basic aqueous phase [7], The generation of the active hydridoiron complex is catalysed by a range of quaternary ammonium salts and an analogous hydrido-manganese complex is obtained from dimanganese decacarbonyl under similar conditions [8], Virtually no reduction occurs in the absence of the quaternary ammonium salt, and the reduction is also suppressed by the presence of carbon monoxide [9], In contrast, dicobalt octacarbonyl reacts with quaternary ammonium fluorides to form complexes which do not reduce nitroarenes. 

Silicon and germanium hydrides react with cobalt, manganese and rhenium carbonyls affording complexes having a silicon (or germanium)-metal bond. These reactions, described previously for inactive compounds have been used in the synthesis of optically active silyl and germyl-transition metals ... 

Metal-ion catalysis has been extensively reviewed (Martell, 1968 Bender, 1971). It appears that metal ions will not affect ester hydrolysis reactions unless there is a second co-ordination site in the molecule in addition to the carbonyl group. Hence, hydrolysis of the usual types of esters is not catadysed by metal ions, but hydrolysis of amino-acid esters is subject to catalysis, presumably by polarization of the carbonyl group (KroU, 1952). Cobalt (II), copper (II), and manganese (II) ions promote hydrolysis of glycine ethyl ester at pH 7-3-7-9 and 25°, conditions under which it is otherwise quite stable (Kroll, 1952). The rate constants have maximum values when the ratio of metal ion to ester concentration is unity. Consequently, the most active species is a 1 1 complex. The rate constant increases with the ability of the metal ion to complex with 2unines. The scheme of equation (30) was postulated. The rate of hydrolysis of glycine ethyl... 

Manganese (continued) carbonyl halides, 3 78, 79-80 complexes with phosphine, etc., 6 10 carbonyls... 

Analogously, reaction of group 7 metal carbonyl anions M(CO)5 (M = Mn, Re) with MeC(CFFI), gave cyclopropylcarbinyl complexes. Flowever, whereas rhenium produces the normal (/-metal bonded cyclopropylcarbinyl complex, the manganese complex furnished (cyclopropylacetyl)Mn(CO)5, where carbonyl insertion into the manganese-alkyl bond occurred (equation 56)114. 

It is also relevant to record that several iron-carbonyl complexes with bridging, and in one case terminal, aryltellurol ligands have been prepared by reaction of Fe(CO)5, Fe(CO)12 or [ji-CpFe(CO)2]2 with diaryl ditellurides and which, together with complexes containing other transition metal carbonyls, e.g, ruthenium, osmium and manganese, provide a substantial number of interesting compounds.2... 

Manganese carbenes, preparation, 5, 825 Manganese carbonyl complexes with 776-arene complexes, 5, 787 cyclopentadienyl complexes, 5, 783 with hydrocarbon ligands, complexes, 5, 776 synthesis and characteristics, 5, 761 Manganese carbonyl halides, applications and reactivity,... 

Optically active organometallic compounds in which the transition metal is the center of chirality have been known since 1969, when the first manganese compounds were reported1. In the meantime cyclopentadienyl and carbonyl transition metal complexes with 4, 5 and 6 ligands have been obtained in optically active form for the following types of compounds (Scheme 1) ... 

Brunner has continued his studies on optically active manganese carbonyl complexes and has reported that treatment of Mn(CO)5Br with ort/to-Me2NC6H4PPh2 (PN) yields two enantiomers of/ac-[Mn(CO)3(PN)Br], Treatment of this complex with carbon monoxide in the presence of A1C13 produces the cation [Mn(CO)4(PN)] +, which was isolated as its hexafluorophosphated salt. Addition of menthoxide anions to the manganese carbonyl cation yields the diastereoisomers of Mn(CO)3(PN) (CO2C30H 9) however, these could not be separated due to their instability. Reaction of Mn(CO)5Br with the Schiff base NN (1) leads to formation of two isomers of... 

Diethyl(ethylene)tellurourea formed complexes with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and manganese carbonyls, in which the tellurium is coordinated to the transition metal1. The solid complexes are moderately stable in air. They do not decompose when stored in the dark at 20° under an inert atmosphere. A toluene solution of the chromium complex at 20° deposited tellurium forming the chromium-carbene complex1. 

The rhenium compound 10 is rather unreactive. Carbonylation (100°C, 200 atm) gives Cp Re(CO)3, while treatment with I2 affords Cp Re(CO)2-(I)2. It does not react with ethyne, diazomethane, or phosphines under conditions where other dimetal complexes with multiple MM bonds do so (78). The manganese complex 8, also somewhat unreactive, reacts with phosphites by Mn=Mn cleavage. In the case of P(OEt)3 the two products Cp Mn(CO)2[P(OEt)3] and CpMn(CO)[P(OEt)3]2 form in a 1 1 ratio (51). 

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