Manganese -based superoxide

Ries, W.L., Key, L.L., and Rodriguiz, R.M. 1992. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and bone resorption by osteoclasts in vitro inhibited by a manganese-based superoxide dismutase mimic. J. Bone Miner. Res. 7, 931-938. 

Design of Manganese-based Superoxide Dismutase Mimics... 

Weiss, R. Riley, D. Therapeutic Aspects of Manganese(II)-based Superoxide Dismutase Mimics In Uses of Inorganic Chemistry in Medicine, Farrell, N., Ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, 1999, pp 77-92. 

Riley, D.P. Rational design of synthetic enzymes and their potential utility as human pharmaceuticals development of manganese(II)-based superoxide dismutase mimics. Adv. Supramol. Chem. 2000, 6, 217-244. 

DEVELOPMENT OF MANGANESE(II)-BASED SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MIMICS... 

Therapeutic Aspects of Manganese(II)-based Superoxide Dismutttse Mimics... 

Therapeutic Aspects of Manganese(/r)-based Superoxide Dimutase Mimics... 

Manganese performs significant antioxidative functions. It is included in the structure of Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase which is the only antioxidant based directly in the mitochondria where the intensive processes of oxidation and ATP synthesis occur. The Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase protects the mitochondria from oxidant stress. 

An early model for the active site was found in the manganese salen class of compounds. The active sites of the enzyme and model are shown in Fig. 4.13. The Schiff base model complexes are unusual in that they are able to maintain manganese in the highly reactive +3 oxidation state, ready to catalyse the oxidation of superoxide, yet still be flexible enough to bind the larger manganese(II) ion. 

From our initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, we have discovered that a class of manganese(II)-based complexes, I, incorporating the macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane (where R can be any number of defined substituents with known stereochemistry), effectively catalyze the dismu-tation of superoxide. ... 

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