Manganese appearance

Spectra of the mixed spinels are interpretable in terms of X-ray diffraction studies of the same samples by Azdroff (16). Cobalt appears to be in the divalent condition, based upon the location of the principal maximum. Manganese appears in a higher valence state. The extended fine structure, which is supposed to be determined by the lattice, appears identical for all the spectra of Figs. 14 and 15 which are of truly cubic spinels, namely CosOi,... 

Manganese appears to be capable of altering the apparent solubility behavior of calcite in deep sea sediments. This element has long been noted to be associated with calcium carbonate in deep sea sediments (e.g., Wangersky and Joensuu, 1964), and extensive experimental evidence exists for coprecipitation of Mn2+ with calcite (see Chapter 3). Both Pedersen and Price (1982) and Boyle (1983) have noted the close association of Mn with carbonate material in Panama Basin sediments. In fact, some of the pore waters approach equilibrium with MnC03,and mixed carbonate... 

Manganese appears to be unique in catalyzing 02 evolution in all aerobic pho-totrophs. No other metal ion has been found to date that can replace it. Manganese was probably selected via evolution for this function because of its ability to exist in multiple oxidation states (Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn5+) and to form strong bonds with oxygen ligands [29],... 

Manganese appeared randomly at the 0-5-/xg/cm2 level in a pattern similar to, but lower than, that of iron, indicating that it probably was present in the processing water. Nickel appeared generally at the l-/xg/cm2 level in the Holland-made papers and at the 3-/xg/cm2 level in the pink Amies papers. It is likely that mercury, whose concentrations are questionable and not plotted here, actually is responsible for the pink color. 

Manganese—No very reliable vapour pressure data on manganese appear to be available. Kelley et have measured the thermodynamic properties of manganese, and combine them with such vapour pressure data as are available to give the heat of vaporization. The N.B.S.529 on this basis adopt... 

Unipositive manganese appears in the ion [Mn(CN)g] , obtained when yellow solutions of [Mn (CN)g] ions are reduced with aluminium powder and alkali. When Mnig is treated with alkyl isocyanides, compounds are formed containing the [Mn(RNC)g]+ ion (Sacco and Naldini, 1956). 

Mn(II) pretreatment reduces Cd(II)-induced lethality (Goering and Klaassen 1985). Cadmium has been noted to have an inhibitory effect on manganese uptake (Gruden and Matausic 1989). In addition, manganese appears to be capable of increasing the synthesis of the metal-binding protein metallothionine... 

Zinc, magnesium, iron and molybdenum were essential, whereas manganese appeared to stimulate aflatoxin formation. 

We all know that certain chemical elements, such as calcium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron, are essential for humans to live. However, many other elements that are present in tiny amounts in the human body are also essential to life. Examples are chromium, cobalt, iodine, manganese, and copper. Chromium assists in the metabolism of sugars, cobalt is present in vitamin B12, iodine is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, manganese appears to play a role in maintaining the proper calcium levels in bones, and copper is involved in the production of red blood cells. 

---