Managing Consumption

This section describes how consumption is managed using the 3C methodology. 

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Managing consumption begins by defining the Time between Purchases, or TBP. These purchases do not have to be from outside vendors. They include pulls from upstream operations such as packaging or fabrication inside the company. 

To be useful, safety information should be consolidated and rationally organized for manageable consumption by managers at different levels of the organization. 

Demand Management. Managing consumption of clinical resources is key to controlling demand and reducing the number of supplies that move through the supply chain process. Three practices need to be implemented in this regard ... 

Ideally, a process plant should be examined for its total energy consumption (see Energy management). Other plant energy systems are under consideration (18) and should eventually be included in this type of analysis. This would include not only process thermal energy and shaft energy, but pumping requirements and electrical power as well. 

Mineral acids are used as catalysts, usually in a concentration of 20— 40 wt % and temperatures of 30—60°C. An efficient surfactant, preferably one that is soluble in the acid-phase upon completion of the reaction, is needed to emulsify the a-pinene and acid. The surfactant can then be recycled with the acid. Phosphoric acid is the acid commonly used in the pine oil process. Its mild corrosion characteristics and its moderate strength make it more manageable, especially because the acid concentration is constandy changing in the process by the consumption of water. Phosphoric acid is also mild enough to prevent any significant dehydration of the alcohols formed in the process. Optimization of a process usually involves considerations of acid type and concentration, temperature, surfactant type and amount, and reaction time. The optimum process usually gives a maximum of alcohols with the minimum amount of hydrocarbons and cineoles. 

See also Air Pollution Climatic Effects Coal, Consumption ol Energy Management Control Systems. 

It is possible to undertake theoretical calculations to ascertain the amount of energy required for the operation and to compare this with the actual consumption. To do this requires the knowledge of a large number of parameters but it can be undertaken, especially if an energy management system is installed. 

Now let us talk with the business manager. He thinks in terms of gains and losses. He is likely to observe that the consumption of coal and water to generate water gas is followed by the combustion of the water gas to form carbon dioxide and water. Without knowing much chemistry, he can see that what is finally accomplished is the combustion of coal to form carbon dioxide. The overall reaction is obtained by adding reactions (7), (2), and (5) ... 

Boiler operational management processes provide for various daily procedures, maintenance routines and checks, including attending to BD, ash removal (where solid fuels are used), and the monitoring and control of fuel and MU water consumption, steam production, operating pressures, air and flue-gas temperatures, and FW and CR flows. 

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