MAMP

MAMP (Merrifield, Alpha-MethoxyPhenyl) resin 44 is an alternative to aldehyde linkers to construct TV-substituted amides [53], Nucleophilic displacement of the benzylic chloride with an amine followed by acylation yielded a secondary amide which was released upon a low ( 10%) concentration of TFA (Scheme 16). 

Brown DS, Revill JM, Shute RE. Merrifield Alpha-Methoxyphenyl (MAMP) Resin A new versatile solid support for the synthesis of secondary amides. Tetrahedron Lett 1998 39 8533-8536. 

Representative mass spectral conditions (negative chemical ionization) ion source temperature, 150°C ionizing current, 0.20 mamp electron energy, 70 eV methane reagent gas (source pressure 0.5 to 1 torr). 

The solution to the problem of sequence distribution as well as that of composition distribution (Eq. 69) reduces to the calculation of simple integrals. So, the probability P U of an arbitrary sequence U = MaMp in... 

The lamp is filled under reduced pressure with an inert gas such as argon or neon. The open end of the cathode faces the window of the lamp, which is constructed of borosilicate glass or quartz the latter window must be used if ultraviolet radiation is measured. A sufficient potential is applied across the electrodes to cause a current of from 1 to 50 mamp to flow. The inert gas is positively ionized at the... 

The 5950A ESCA spectrometer is interfaced to a desktop computer for data collection and analysis. Six hundred watt monochromatic A1 Ka X-rays are used to excite the photoelectrons and an electron gun set at 2 eV and 0.3 mAmp is used to reduce sample charging. Peak areas are numerically integrated and then divided by the theoretical photoionization cross-sections (11) to obtain relative atomic compositions. For the supported catalyst samples, all binding energies (BE) are referenced to the A1 2p peak at 75.0 eV, the Si 2p peak at 103.0 eV, or the Ti 2p3/2 peak at 458.5 eV. 

Several other major classes of enzymes, among them the nucleic acid polymerases, activate ATP (and other NTPs) in a completely different manner. Similar to transphos-phoiylation enzymes, they utilize two metal ions for catalysis. However, steric interactions are purposely employed in order to reverse the preferred binding situation. A MaMp y motif is generated which weakens the P —O—P,5 linkage This allows a nucleoside monophosphate group to be transferred (under liberation of PPi), a process which is essential in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA sequences. 

EDC FDPP Fmoc HOBt LiHMDS MAMP MCPBA MeOPEG NCA NMP PAL PASP PBP PEG SASRIN TEA TFA TMAD N-Ethyl-N - [ 3 - (dimethy lamino)propy 1] -c arbodiimide hydrochloride Pentafluoro phenyldiphenyl phosphate 9 -Fluoreny lme thoxy c arbony 1 Hydroxybenzotriazol Lithium hexamethyldisilazane Merrifield, alpha methoxy phenyl resin w-Chloroperbenzoic acid Methoxy polyethylene glycol /V-Carboxv a-aminoacid anhydride /V - M e t h v 1 pyrrol i do n e Peptide amide linker Polymer assisted solution phase Penicillin-binding proteins Polyethylene glycol Super acid sensitive resin Triethylamine Trifluoroacetic acid Tetramethylamine azodicarboxylate. 

KUS85] D.Kusnezov et al., submitted to Phys. Rev. C and unpublished results [MAM78] W.Mampe et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. 154 127 (1978)... 

Keywords Arabidopsis thaliana Innate immunity LPS MAMPs... 

In this chapter, we will review the current knowledge of the role of LPS as a M AMP in plant innate immunity. We will give an overview of the range of responses induced by LPS, the sub-structures within LPS that are recognized by plants and variations within the LPS structure that can alter its activity as a MAMP. We will go on to discuss new work that suggests a role for the plasma-membrane resident syntaxin PEN1 in transduction of the LPS signal. 

The body of work outlined above demonstrates conclusively that LPS from diverse bacteria can act as a MAMP to either directly induce a range of plant defense responses or prime induction of those responses in both a local and systemic fashion. Differences between the activities of LPS in different plants are however seen. These may relate in part to the plant experimental systems used, the isolation procedures and purity of LPS preparations and to differences in LPS structure. For example global transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis cells treated with Burkholderia cepacia LPS revealed, surprisingly, that very few PR transcripts... 

Structural analysis of LOS from a mutant of Xcc defective in core completion revealed that this mutant had modifications in the lipid A moiety, which had reduced acylation and was further derivatised with phosphoryl ethanolamine residues (Dow et al., 1995 Silipo et al., 2008). These changes in lipid A structure abolished the ability to trigger innate immune responses in Arabidopsis (Silipo et al., 2008). Importantly these findings indicate that Xcc has the capacity to modify the structure of its lipid A to reduce its activity as a MAMP in plants (Silipo et al., 2008). It is not known whether these (or other) modifications to lipid A occur when bacteria are within plants. 

He, R, Shan, L., Lin, N.C., Martin, G.B., Kemmerling, B., Nurnberger, T., Sheen, J. Specific bacterial suppressors of MAMP signalling upstream of MAPKKK in Arabidopsis innate immunity. 

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