Mammalian lungs species

Drew R, Siddik Z, Mimnaugh EG, Gram TE (1981) Species and dose differences in the accumulation of imipramine by mammalian lungs. Drug Metab Dispos 9 322-326. 

Although there appears to be no significant species differences in absorption rates for small lipophilic drugs, some interspecies differences are noted with water-soluble drugs absorbed from distal airspaces of in vivo mammalian lungs [112], These species differences have not been systematically studied yet. However, some marked differences were reported for protein absorption rates... 

Plopper, C.G., Hill, L.H. and Mariassy, A.T. (1980). Ultrastructure of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell of mammalian lung. III. A study of man with comparison of 15 mammalian species. Exp. Lung Res. 1, 171-180. 

While a number of immortalised cell lines emanating from different cell types of the airway (i.e., tracheo-bronchial) epithelium of lungs from various mammalian species are available (see Chap. 10), reliable and continuously growing cell lines that possess AEC morphology and phenotype are not reported to date. Most studies use cell lines of alveolar epithelial origin for drug absorption studies, while the observations are hard or meaningless to extend to in vivo human situation. 

The studies described above have been carried out using hepatic microsomes from various mammalian species and purified cytochrome P-450-containing monooxygenases obtained from the livers of rabbits and rats. Additional studies have indicated the microsomes from rabbit ( ) and rat lung brain 21) also metabolize parathion in a manner similar to mammalian liver. 

Figure 28.8. Square-wave overpressure resulting in 50% survival (Psw) as functions of average lung density an average lung volume per unit body mass for eight mammalian species.

Plopper, C.G., Mariassy, A.T., Wilson, D.W., Alley, J.L., Nishio, S.J. and Nettesheim, P. (1983). Comparison of nonciliated tracheal epthelial cells in six mammalian species ultrastructure and population densities. Exp. Lung Res. 5, 281-294. 

Levels of the enzyme vary greatly in different mammalian tissues. Normally, liver is the richest source (54 lU/g), followed by kidney cortex (11 lU/g), with lower amounts in brain, gastric mucosa, lymph nodes, and lung (74). GDH s from various organs of the same species are similar, if not identical. Complete cross-reaction occurs between antibodies induced by bovine liver GDH and extracts of bovine spleen, brain, and heart 75) the enzymes from liver, brain, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle are affected identically by purine nucleotides (17). One difference has been noted concerning the effect of phosphate, which stimulates ADP activation of the enzyme of porcine heart 76). 

---