Maltose spectroscopy

Metabolomics has made remarkable inroads into the environmental research community. Here, a major emphasis is to understand the impact that environmental stress, such as pollution and climate change, has on wildlife. Indeed, many government organizations monitor the prevalence of pollutants in certain species of wildlife as indicators of the exposure risk within the environment. Studies of Japanese medaka have been conducted to investigate the effects of trichloroethylene, a common environmental pollutant, and the pesticide dinoseb, on the development of fish embryos (44, 45). Similarly, cadmium toxicity has been examined in the bank vole and rat and has revealed changes in lipid metabolism that preceded classical nephrotoxicity (46, 47). Another study investigated the effects of environmental toxins on earthworms (48). In particular, the analysis of earthworm tissue extracts by NMR spectroscopy identified maltose as a potential biomarker for ecotoxicity within a metal-contaminated site. 

Investigations of 1 3C spectroscopy of sucrose [69] (Allerhand and Doddrell, 1971 Dorman and Roberts, 1971), lactose [70], cello-biosc [71] (Dorman and Roberts, 1971) and maltose [72] (Dorman... 

The structure, conformation and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of crystalline and aqueous sucrose have been discussed in detail. Evidence for a transient inter-residue hydrogen bond in aqueous sucrose (0-2- -H O-T) has been discovered by ROESY spectroscopy imder supercooled conditions.Combined use of high resolution NMR techniques and dynamics simulations furnished a new model for the dynamical conformational behaviour of sucrose in water in which internal motions occur at the same rate as overall tumbling. A GROMOS force field analysis, modified to include a potential energy term for the fxo-anomeric effect, has been assessed for efficiency by application to a conformational analysis of a-maltose. ... 

Maltose-containing washed or unwashed DRVs (33 /tmole PC) were microfluidized in the presence of water or PBS for up to 10.6 cycles, and samples were measured for vesicle size (diameter in nanometers) by dynamic light scattering (photon correlation spectroscopy). Polydispersity indexes ranging from 0.503 to 0.653 (water) and from 0.517 to 0.653 (PBS) were similar to those obtained with some of the lipid compositions of liposomes employed by others. 

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