Magnetosphere Earth

The ionosphere is part of the larger magnetosphere, a cavity in the stream of particles from the sun. The cavity is produced by the earth s magnetic field (56,57). The ionosphere and the Van AHen radiation belt He within the plasmasphere, which extends to a maximum distance of about 15,000 km above the earth s surface. 

Magnetospheric plasmas are produced and heavily influenced by solar emissions and activity and by magnetic fields of the planets. Interplanetary plasmas result from solar emission processes alone. Protons in the solar wind have low densities (10—100/cm ) and temperatures below 10 to more than 10 K (1—10 eV). Their average outward kinetic energy from the sun is approximately 400 eV (58,59). The various 2ones and phenomena from the sun s visible surface to the upper atmosphere of the earth have been discussed (60—62). 

The Exploration of the Earth s Magnetosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, http //www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/lntro.html... 

On the basis of the presented oscillator-wave model it is also possible to create heuristic models of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasma particles in the Earth s ionosphere and magnetosphere, heuristic models of the generation of powerful low-frequency waves in the space around the Earth when a cosmic electromagnetic background is present etc. High-efficient sub-millimeter emitter, built on this basis, could be suitable for radio-physical heating of plasma, e.g. in the experiments aimed the achievement of controlable thermonuclear reaction [ ] ... 

So far we discussed the case for 4He escape. 3He escape must at least be as effective as 4He the 4He lifetime against Jeans escape can be shown to be 70 times greater than the 3He lifetime. In the case of 4He, an inflow flux into the atmosphere is essentially the radiogenic 4He from the solid Earth. However, a flux from the interplanetary space may become important in the case of 3He inventory. From He implantation experiment on metal foil collectors in the Skylab, a spacecraft operated in a circular orbit at the altitude of 443 km from 1973 to 1974, Lind, Geiss, and Stettler (1979) concluded that the solar wind 3He precipitating from the magnetosphere to the upper atmosphere is comparable to 3He degassing flux from the solid Earth. 

The magnetosphere is a comet-shaped region of Earth s outer atmosphere in which the behavior of... 

Earth s magnetosphere. Illustration by Hans Cassidy Courtesy of Gale Group. 

The magnetosphere exists because of the interaction between Earth s own magnetic field and the solar wind, a rapidly moving plasma consisting of protons and electrons expelled from the sun s surface. The magnetosphere s distinctive shape is a consequence of the fact that the solar wind is deflected by Earth s magnetic field in a manner somewhat similar to the way in which a rock deflects the flow of a stream of water. 

The magnetosphere extends much farther from Earth on the side away from the Sun (the night side) because both the solar wind and particles escaping from Earth s atmosphere are moving in the same direction. It appears that the magnetopause in this direction may be located at a distance of a few thousand Earth radii. 

By using obtained results we can forecast of expected radiation hazard in space, in magnetosphere or in atmosphere. For example, for satellites at different orbits characterized by cut-off rigidities RC(T) inside the Earth s magnetosphere the expected SEP flux will be... 

Parrot M, Mogilevsky M M. VLF emissions associated with earthquakes and observed in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Phys Earth Planet Inter 1 86-99. 

Magnetosphere A come-like cavity carved in the solar wind in which the Earth s magnetic field is confined. 

IV. Magnetosphere of Earth The Extension of Magnetic Fields and Plasmas into Space... 

Collisionless shock Discontinuity formed on the sim-ward side of the earth in the solar wind because of the interposed obstacle of the magnetosphere. 

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