Magnetoconcentration-extraction device

The concept of the magnetoconcentration-extraction combination (or, more accurately, magnetoconcentration-extraction-exclusion) is actually similar to the one described in the above section. Basically, one places a nonequilibrium extraction diode into a crossed electric and magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 3.75. This device could potentially offer the best performance of all nonequilibrium detectors, since it further enhances the operation of the extraction photodiode which already furnished superior performance. 

The geometry of the starting sample is similar to the exclusion case, however, the doping/composition profile is different and corresponds to the typical 

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It is only to be expected that some nonequilibrium detector stmctures have their analogs in semiconductor lasers. Exclusion detectors correspond to single-hetero-lasers, extraction devices to double-heterolasers, and magnetoconcentration detectors to lasers with the magnetoelectric photoeffect proposed by Marimoto et al. [331]. This inverse analogy is valid not only in electrical, but also in optical field, where e.g., resonant cavity (RCE) detector structures are connected with VCSEL lasers, and lasers with a PBG cavity with PCE (photonic crystal-enhanced) detectors. 

Extraction diodes are the most advanced of all nonequilibrium detectors. The fabrication of these detectors is fully compatible with standard narrow-bandgap semiconductor technologies and with standard detector circuitry. Their function does not cause interference with surrounding circuitry, as is the case with magnetoconcentration devices. 

The nonequiUbrium depletion and the increase of dynamic resistance in magnetoconcentration detectors is lower than in the case of heterostructure extraction photodiodes, but significantly better than in exclusion-based isotype devices under similar working conditions (lower dark currents and higher operating temperatures). 

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