Magnetization longitudinal, transverse

Unlike the compensation of the BSPS for a long pulse,44 the pulsewidth r for short PIPs is crucial. Away from the condition of lit Aft = mix, a significant zero-order term will arise and the longitudinal magnetization, the transverse magnetization, and the BSPS can be distorted so severely that the BSPS compensation scheme does not work at all.42... 

It is also possible to electrodeposit multilayers in cylindrical pores of a suitable etched polymer membrane. Typically, wires with diameters of about 100 nm and length of 5-10 fim can be obtained. The deposition cycles are similar to the ones described above. Magnetoresistance [this is a term describing the relative decrease (increase) in electrical resistance of a material when subjected to a magnetic field longitudinally (transversely) to the current flow] measurements with the current perpendicular to the planes are possible. In addition, giant magnetoresistance (GMR defined below) effects may be observed as well. 

Roscoe [57] studied Poincare-invariant magnetic vector potential formalism and showed that there are two distinct kinds of magnetic vector transverse wave that give rise to the general free solutions. The first kind is a propagating transverse wave the second kind is a stationary longitudinal wave. In this... 

Mansfield, Rhim, Elleman, Vaughan Mansfield-Ware sequence with four time intervals X-component of transverse magnetization y-component of transverse magnetization longitudinal magnetization counting index number... 

As we have seen above, the temporal evolution of Mg is due to the longitudinal relaxation The temporal evolution of Mj (or My), which is described as transverse relaxation, is fundamentally different. It corresponds to the loss of phase coherence between the individual magnetic moments. Transverse relaxation can be described as an entropy relaxation in the sense that the final state (0, 0, Mq) is characterized by a higher entropy than the initial state (M, My, M ). As in the case of the temporal evolution of Mg, the analytical form of the My f(t) function is not predictable without careful analysis. This problem will also be discussed later. 

For large molecules, such as proteins, the main method in use is a 2D technique, called NOESY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy). The basic experiment [33, 34] consists of tluee 90° pulses. The first pulse converts die longitudinal magnetizations for all protons, present at equilibrium, into transverse magnetizations which evolve diirhig the subsequent evolution time In this way, the transverse magnetization components for different protons become labelled by their resonance frequencies. The second 90° pulse rotates the magnetizations to the -z-direction. 

The interval between the second and third pulse is called the mixing time, during which the spins evolve according to the multiple-spin version of equation B 1.13.2 and equation B 1.13.3 and the NOE builds up. The final pulse converts the longitudinal magnetizations, present at the end of the mixing time, into detectable transverse components. The detection of the FID is followed by a recycle delay, during which the equilibrium... 

The saddle-shaped configuration (Fig. 22c) is the most efficient configuration for linear channels. The two saddle shaped cods are located parallel to each other the MHD channel is located in the gap between the two cods. The longitudinal part of the conductors Hes parallel to the direction of flow in the MHD channel, the direction of the field being transverse to the flow in the horizontal plane. This configuration is the most efficient in its use of magnetic... 

Here p and pj are the transverse and longitudinal resistivities with respect to the magnetization direction, respectively. The off-diagonal element pn represents the spontaneous or anomalous Hall resistivity (AHR) [3]. Conventionally, the anisotropy of the resistivity is expressed by the SMA ratio... 

Helical undulators build on this principle by using two orthogonal magnetic field arrays [82, 83]. These permit transverse excursions in perpendicular x and y directions. If the arrays have a relative longitudinal shift, this introduces a phase to the induced perpendicular excursions and when the phase is 90° the electron trajectory can follow left- or right-handed corkscrew paths The emitted radiation is correspondingly right- or left-handed CPL. 

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