Magnetism magnetic susceptibility

Molecule Magnetism Magnetic Susceptibility, Xn, (10" cmVmol) Kinetic Diameter (A)... 

Aru] SQUID magnetometry at 5 < T < 300 K and H up to 8 kOe. Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity of Cr doped fiFeSi2... 

Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and the ESR AMs = 2 signal of the biradicals indicated triplet ground states with a large triplet-singlet energy gap. 

Magnetic measurements using the standard Faraday technique Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility... 

Curie-Weiss law The molar magnetic susceptibility of a substance may be represented... 

Gouy balance A balance for the determination of magnetic susceptibility. The sample is weighed in and out of a magnetic field and the susceptibility is calculated from the difference in weights. 

NmI point The temperature at which magnetic susceptibility becomes normal. See anti-ferromagnetism and ferromagnetism. 

Figure A2.3.29 Calculation of the critical temperature and the critical exponent y for the magnetic susceptibility of Ising lattices in different dimensions from high-temperature expansions.

Equation (A2.5.20) is the Curie-Weiss law, and the temperature at which the magnetic susceptibility becomes infinite, is the Curie temperature. Below this temperature the substance shows spontaneous magnetization and is ferromagnetic. Nonnally the Curie temperature lies between 1 and 10 K. However, typical ferromagnetic materials like iron have very much larger values for quantum-mechanical reasons that will not be pursued here. 

A third exponent y, usually called the susceptibility exponent from its application to the magnetic susceptibility x in magnetic systems, governs what m pure-fluid systems is the isothennal compressibility k, and what in mixtures is the osmotic compressibility, and detennines how fast these quantities diverge as the critical point is approached (i.e. as > 1). 

Other magnetic measurements of catalysts include electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic susceptibility. Although those are not as common as NMR, they can be used to look at the properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic samples. Examples of these applications can be found in the literature [87. 

Magnetic susceptibilities of 2-aminothiazole have been measured (139) in order to evaluate the aromatic character of the compound. 

Co(II), Ni(n), Cu(n), and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 4-aryl-2-aminothiazoles and salicylaldehyde have been prepared, and structure 276 (Scheme 170) was established by magnetic susceptibility measurements and by infrared, electronic, and mass spectra (512). 

It is difficult to draw general conclusions from such a small number of values. Nevertheless, it can be noted that, like other five- or six-membered unsaturated rings (thiophene, pyridine) thiazole exhibits a certain aromatic behavior in its magnetic susceptibility. 

The aromatic character of thiazole has been deduced from the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of the molecule (319). 

Although the size separation/classification methods are adequate in some cases to produce a final saleable mineral product, in a vast majority of cases these produce Httle separation of valuable minerals from gangue. Minerals can be separated from one another based on both physical and chemical properties (Fig. 8). Physical properties utilized in concentration include specific gravity, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, color, surface reflectance, and radioactivity level. Among the chemical properties, those of particle surfaces have been exploited in physico-chemical concentration methods such as flotation and flocculation. The main objective of concentration is to separate the valuable minerals into a small, concentrated mass which can be treated further to produce final mineral products. In some cases, these methods also produce a saleable product, especially in the case of industrial minerals. 

Fig. 3. Magnetic susceptibility of plutonium metal as a function of temperature where represent initially high density plutonium and , cast plutonium...

Uranium metal is weaMy paramagnetic, with a magnetic susceptibility of 1.740 X 10 A/g at 20°C, and 1.804 x 10 A/g (A = 10 emu) at 350°C (51). Uranium is a relatively poor electrical conductor. Superconductivity has been observed in a-uranium, with the value of the superconducting temperature, being pressure-dependent. This was shown to be a result of the fact that there are actually three transformations within a-uranium (37,52). 

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