Magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Spectroscopy of the Human Body Lasers... 

Morris PG (1999). Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain function in experimental animals and man. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 13, 330-336. 

Although nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to study a variety of lanthanide based systems like contrast agents for medical imaging applications, only a handful of studies on lanthanide SMMs using NMR have been performed to date. These include the neutral [Ln(Pc)2]°(Ln = Dy or Tb)... 

Translational motion occurs in liquid and gas phases of water, but is virtually eliminated in the solid phase (ice). Translational motion of water molecules can be measured using NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spectroscopy (Sun and Schmidt, 1995). 

Chudek, J.A. and Hunter, G. 2002. Stray field (STRAFI) and single point (SPI) magnetic resonance imaging. In Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy (G.A. Webb, ed.), Vol. 45, pp. 152-187. Academic Press, New York. 

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study flow patterns in reactors as well as to perform spatially resolved spectroscopy is reviewed by Lynn Gladden, Michael Mantle, and Andrew Sederman (University of Cambridge). This method allows even unsteady-state processes to be studied because of the rapid data acquisition pulse sequence methods that can now be used. In addition, MRI can be used to study systems with short nuclear spin relaxation times—e.g., to study coke distribution in catalytic reactors. 

V. Toronov, A. Webb, and J. H. Choi. Investigation of human brain hemodynamics by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Medical Physics, 28(4) 521-527, 2001. 

The underlying physical principles of NMR have been established and are well understood.8 Applications of both solid- and solution-state NMR spectroscopy can be found in many different disciplines. It is routinely used in structural elucidation of organic and inorganic compounds, polymers, and biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates). Additionally, NMR can be used to study molecular interactions (e.g., protein-protein and protein-ligand), molecular dynamics, and chemical reactions. It has also been used extensively in medical research and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging). 

Young, I. R. Methods in Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy , John Wiley Sons Chichester 2000. 

Spectroscopy produces spectra which arise as a result of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. The type of interaction (electronic or nuclear transition, molecular vibration or electron loss) depends upon the wavelength of the radiation (Tab. 7.1). The most widely applied techniques are infrared (IR), Mossbauer, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and in recent years, various forms ofX-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy which probe the local structure of the elements. Less widely used techniques are Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion imaging mass spectroscopy (SIMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 

Y. Xu, P. Tang, W.G. Zhang, L. Firestone, P.M. Winter, F-19 nuclear-magnetic-resonance imaging and spectroscopy of sevoflurane uptake, distribution, and elimination in rat-brain. Anesthesiology 83 (1995) 766-774. 

N.J. Baldwin, T.C. Ng, Oxygenation and metabolic status of KHT tumors as measured simultaneously by F magnetic resonance imaging and P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Magn. Reson. Imaging 14 (1996) 541-551. 

M. Xia, V. Kodibagkar, H. Liu, R.P. Mason, Tumour oxygen dynamics measured simultaneously by near infrared spectroscopy and F magnetic resonance imaging in rats, Phys. Med. Biol. 51 (2006) 45-60. 

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