Magnetic lines tension

The equation (3-259) for plasma equilibrium in a magnetic field can be considered a dynamic balance of the gradient of total pressure and the tension of magnetic lines. If the magnetic field lines are straight and parallel, then R oo and the tension of magnetic lines is eqnal to zero. In this case, equation (3-259) gives the equilibrinm criterion ... 

Used as an indicator of the purity of organic compounds, it is related to several electric and magnetic properties such as polarizability as well as to molar refractivity, critical temperature, surface tension, density, and boiling point. Usually, the refractive index is measured at the sodium D-line and indicated as n. Moreover, the refractive index function n) defined as... 

We begin with consideration of surface influence on resonance magnetic Adds for spherical nanoparticles. This influence defines the positions of corresponding spectral lines. As it was shown in the Sect. 3.1, the surface effect can be expressed via hydrostatic pressure p = 2 [l/R, where R is a particle radius and p, is a surface tension coefficient. It is known, that the influence of mechanical stress on resonant fields (frequencies) is defined by spin-phonon interaction coefficients. Therefore, the resonance frequency of some transition for nanoparticles can be expressed in the form ... 

Solid materials have a cohesive stmcture, which depends on the interaction between the primary particles. The cohesive stmcture leads indispensably to a void space, which is not occupied by the composite particles such as atoms, ions, and line particles. Consequently, the state and population of such voids strongly depends on the inter-particle forces. The inter-particle forces are different from one system to another chemical bonding, van der Waals force, electrostatic force, magnetic force, surfece tension of adsorbed films on the primary particles, and so on. Even die single crystalline solid, which is composed of atoms or ions has intrinsic voids and defects. Therefore, pores in solids are classified into intra-particle pores and inter-particle pores (Table 9.6) [80]. 

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