Magnetic agitation

A thermometer was attached and magnetic agitation started. Sodium hydroxide solution (20 mL of 4.0 m) was added, which caused the reaction to turn a brown colour. The reaction flask was then placed in an ice-salt bath and cooled to 0—5 °C. 

The samples were placed in headspace vials. When saponification was performed, a few milliliters of NaOH solution were added to the sample. The vial was sealed with a headspace aluminum cap furnished with a Teflon-faced septum, immersed in a water bath maintained at 100 °C, and let equilibrate for 6 min before HSSPME. Afterward, the fiber was exposed to the headspace over the sample for 5-240 min, depending on the experiment. The sample was magnetically agitated during sampling. Once the exposition period was finished, the fiber was immediately inserted into the GC injector and the chromatographic analysis was carried out. Desorption time was set at 5 min. 

The slurry was homogenized by magnetic agitation and submitted to MW irradiation for 30 D180 s at 48 D132 W. 

The poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanospheres, widely used as drug carriers, are prepared by emulsion polymerization according to a method initially introduced by Couvreur et al. The monomers (isobutylcyano-acrylate, isohexylcyanoacrylate, n-butylcyanoacrylate) are dispersed in a continuous acidified aqueous phase under magnetic agitation. The anionic polymerization... 

NaCN (>98% purity) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. Electrolyte medium (1L) was prepared using distilled water at 0.1 M NaCN concentration and pH was adjusted at 10.5 by adding 1 M NaOH. Electrolyte was magnetically agitated at different speeds of 100, 250, and 400 rpm (stir bar dimensions 4 cm long and 1 cm diameter) during the test. 

Oxidation of Benzoin to Benzil by MnOz as a Typical Procedure for the Oxidation of Biaryl Acyloins. A mixture of benzoin 3 a (0.212 g, 1 mmol) and Mn02 (0.174 g, 2 mmol) was prepared and magnetically agitated in an oil bath at 90 °C for 4 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was applied on a silica gel pad (3 g) and washed with Et20 (20 mL) to afford pure benzil 4 a quantitatively (mp 94 °C). The same reaction with BaMn04 proceeded to completion after 2 h using 1.5 mmol of the oxidant. 

A mixture of M11O2 (0.52 g, 6 mmol) and the catalyst (1.8 g) was added to methyl phenyl sulfide la (0.37 g, 3 mmol) and the resulting solid mixture was magnetically agitated for 1 h at 35 40 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC using hexane/EtaO (1 1) as eluent. After completion of the reaction, the solid mixture was applied directly on a silica gel column and eluted with CHCI3. Evaporation of the solvent afforded almost pure methyl phenyl sulfoxide 2a in 80% yield (0.33 g) whose physical data are consistent with those reported in the literature. 

The olefin epoxidation experiments were carried out in a glass flask with reflux and magnetic agitation. For 1-hexene (Aldrich) and cyclohexene (Fluka) oxidation, 33 mmol of olefin, 0.264 g of HjOg (35 wt%), 23.57 g of methanol (Merck) as solvent, and 200 mg of catalyst were mixed and stirred at 298 K. In the case of... 

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