Magnesium chips

A variant of the Wurtz reaction is the preparation of tetrabutyltin from activated magnesium chips, butyl chloride, and stannic chloride in a hydrocarbon mixture. Only a small amount of tetrahydrofuran is required for the reaction to proceed in high yield (86). 

Orlov et al. [607] investigated the process of tantalum powder deoxidation using both calcium and magnesium chips as oxygen getters. It is recommended to perform the process with calcium chips at temperature of 900-1300°C for... 

The reaction is carried out in a 1-1. three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, addition funnel, and nitrogen inlet (Fig. 11). A nitrogen atmosphere is strictly maintained throughout the course of the reaction. Clean magnesium chips, 6.1 g. (0.25 mol, 20% excess), and about... 

Figure 4.11 Scanning electron microscopy images of bare and coated magnesium chips. Clear morphological differences are seen between the coated and uncoated samples. (Reproduced from ref. 13, with permission.)...

An important factor of film quality concerns its adhesion to the substrate, namely to the magnesium chip. Figure 4.12 shows images of different coated chips after a standard adhesion test. The upper images show the magnesium-coated chips after the tape was peeled off, while the lower images show the tapes. 

Figure 4.12 Optical images of coated magnesium chips and their corresponding tapes after an adhesion test (A) PTMOS film (B) ZrTPO film (C) combined film. The images of the tapes are somewhat misleading as the coloured area of the combined film is the largest, which is due to its high content of Rhodamine B. (Reproduced from ref. 13, with permission.)...

In large-scale production it is more economical to conduct the hydrolytic condensation of ethylethoxysilanes and the catalytic regrouping of the products by the continuous technique. In this case ethylethoxysilanes are synthesised not with magnesium chipping, but with pelleted magnesium, which contains at least 97% of active magnesium. 

To prepare the reactive mixture, agitator 1 is filled with a necessary amount of chlorobenzene and tetraethoxysilane (the content of the main substance is 97%). Then ethyl bromide is added to activate the synthesis. The reactive mixture is agitated for 30-60 minutes, sampled (to determine the chlorobenzene and tetraethoxysilane ratio) and pumped into weight batch box 5. After that, reactor 7 is loaded through a hatch with magnesium chipping and with part of the reactive mixture from weight batch box... 

Raw stock magnesium chipping ethyl bromide (the boiling point is not less than 35 °C, d4° = 1.420- 1.445) diethyl ether (d420 0.714 0.715) benzene (the density is 0.8770-0.8791 g/cm3) tin tetrachloride (anhydrous, the boiling point is 114-115 °C) caprylic acid (the boiling point is 239-240 °C, d420 = 0.9089) potassium hydroxide (technical product). Ethyl bromide, diethyl ether and benzene are dried before use with calcium chloride. 

Experimental. Butenylmagnesium chloride was prepared from crotyl chloride and magnesium chips in ether. Decomposition reactions of butenylmagnesium chloride were carried out at room temperature using H20 and D20. Butenes were condensed at — 20 °C. and analyzed on a FB-4 Shandon ionization chromatograph. 

Approximately one mole of each of several different elements. Clockwise from the upper left we see 64 g of copperheads, 27 g of crumpled aluminum foil, 207 g of lead shoL 24 g of magnesium chips, 52 g of chromium chunks, and 32 g of sulfur powder. The beakers in the photo have a volume of 50 mL. 

Equimolecular mixtures of both reactants were dissolved in benzene, the reaction was started by adding a few chips of the metal and the reaction mixture was kept boiling until the equivalent amount of magnesium chips had been added. 

Sonication was successfully introduced in organometallic chemistry in 1980 [32] when it was applied to Li-Barbier reactions (see Sect. 3.3.7, pp. 90-94) it was found that ultrasonic irradiation allows this reaction to be performed in wet technical grade THF. This compares well with the findings that freshly cut magnesium chips also react with haloalkanes in wet diethyl ether (see p. 170). 

All aqueous solutions should be placed in the aqueous waste container. Be sure to decant these solutions away from any magnesium chips. The unreacted magnesium chips should be placed in a solid waste container. 

Answer by Author In general, under natural conditions. Mg alloys are compatible in all cryogenic liquids. However, under more violent conditions, such as magnesium chips under impact or very heavy friction wear, magnesium alloys may become incompatible in liquid oxygen or fluorine. 

---