Macromolecular host

Jerry L. Atwood is Curator s Professor of Chemistry at the University of Missouri-Columbia. His research has focused on supramolecular chemistry. His research group has synthesized and examined a broad array of host-guest chemical systems (e.g., liquid clathrates, macromolecular hosts). A principal method for characterization of these systems has been single crystal X-ray structure determination [41-43],... 

Luminescence Sensing Some luminescent compounds can serve as probes of analytes such as metal ions. Upon coordination with a metal ion, the luminescence of a ligand may be enhanced, quenched, or shifted in color (the wavelength of maximum intensity). In addition, changes in the solution conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature or the presence of macromolecular hosts capable of forming organized structures) often affect luminescence properties. 

Abstract Artificial metalloenzymes can be created by incorporating an active metal catalyst precursor in a macromolecular host. When considering such artificial metalloenzymes, the first point to address is how to localize the active metal moiety within the protein scaffold. Although a covalent anchoring strategy may seem most attractive at first, supramolecular anchoring strategy has proven most successful thus far. 

Artificial metalloenzymes, as reviewed here, are hybrid catalysts resulting from the introduction of a metal complex with catalytic activity into a macromolecular host, avidin or streptavidin (referred to as (strept)avidin hereafter). This provides a well-defined enantiopure second coordination sphere, thus potentially inducing selectivity in the catalyzed reaction [2-16], The incorporation of an organometallic moiety within a protein may combine the advantages of both catalytic strategies, which are, in many regards, complementary (Table 1). 

With the aim of complementing the well-established fields of homogeneous and enzymatic catalysis, organocatalysis and artificial metalloenzymes have enjoyed a recent revival. Artificial metalloenzymes, which are the focns of this book, result from combining an active but unselective organometaUic moiety with a macromolecular host... 

The discussion of noncovalent libraries has so far been limited to cases where a guest selects its optimal receptor from a library of hosts. When targeting biological systems, the reverse approach of screening a library of guests against a macromolecular host becomes relevant. Several cases were reported where a macromolecule amplifies the formation of its best binder. 

Jelinek R, Ozkar S, Ozin GA (1992) In Jehnke SA (ed) Macromolecular host-guest complexes optical, optoelectronic, and photorefractive properties and applications. Materials research society symposia proceedings, vol 277. Materials Research Society, Pittsbm-g, p 113... 

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