Macrofouling barnacles

The result is that barnacles are often the first macrofoulers to colonize a protected surface.100 Once growth of barnacles on toxic metal coatings is initiated, the surface rapidly fails because barnacles act as nontoxic platforms for other organisms. As a result of these kinds of field evidence, the U.S. Navy supported basic barnacle research for almost four decades, and barnacles were the only macrofoulers included in initial studies of natural product antifoulants supported by the U.S. Navy. Most of this work was conducted by the Costlow group at the Duke University Marine Laboratory.47... 

Macrofouling can contain two groups of macroorganisms plants (snch as seaweed) and animals (such as barnacles and mussels). ... 

Biofouling is of great influence on costs and expenses in indnstry A 1999 report by Naval research laboratory indicates that use of antifouling paints conld save up to 10% of the US Navy s annual fuel bill. The same report quotes from another report prepared by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) that more than 75% of condenser loss in fossil-fueled power plants with a capacity of more than 600 MW is due to biological factors, of which 30% were due to macrofouling. Research indicates that barnacles are indeed capable of inducing localized corrosion. 

One can concentrate more on animals such as barnacles and mussels to model the corrosion mechanisms involved in macrofouling. In the next two subsections, we will look at (micro)algae and the mixed microbial community (also known as orange bloom ). 

The interaction between biological activity and material performance is very signiffcant in seawater. Macrofouling such as barnacles and mussels can be either protective or can result in accelerated corrosion depending on the material exposed and the extent of the accumulation of fouling. Anaerobic conditions are frequently found at the base of extensive fouling accumulation and this can dramatically affect corrosion of many materials. Seasonal variations and... 

The existence of biological life, to be further distinguished as micro-fouling (e.g., bacteria, slime) and macrofouling (e.g., seaweed, mussels, barnacles, and many kinds of animals or fish)... 

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