Macrofauna

Rosenberg, R. 1977. Effects of dredging operations on estuarine benthic macrofauna. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 8 102-104. 

Tagatz, M.E., R.S. Stanley, G.R. Plaia, and C.H. Deans. 1987. Responses of estuarine macrofauna colonizing sediments contaminated with fenvalerate. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6 21-25. 

Diaz, R.J. Rosenberg, R. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia A review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography Marine Biology Annual Review, 33, 245-303. 

Lippert H, Iken K, Rachor E, Wiencke C (2001) Macrofauna associated with macroalgae in the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen). Polar Biol 24 512-522 McClintock JB, Baker BJ (2001) Marine chemical ecology. CRC, Boca Raton, FL Miller KA, Pearse JS (1991) Ecological studies of seaweeds in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Am Zool 31 35—48... 

In comparison to the high-temperature hydrothermal vents, biomass at the Lost City vent field is much lower and the macrofauna are much smaller, typically less than 100 pm. These macrofeuna are predominantly gastropods and polychaetes with 58% of the species being endemic, including nine new species of crustaceans ... 

Macrofauna Benthic animals that are larger than 0.5 mm. 

The effects of macrofauna on the soil biogeochemistry can be summarized (Aller, 1994) ... 

Witt, J., Schroeder, A., Knust, R. andAmtz, W.E. (2004). The impact of harbour sludge disposal on benthic macrofauna communities in the Weser estuary. Helgol. Mar. Res. 58 117-128. 

Gongalsky, K.B. (2003) Impact of pollution caused by uranium production on soil macrofauna. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 89(2), 197-219. 

As basic members of the food chain, benthic bacteria represent an important nutrient source for meio- and macrofauna. The distribution of bacterial number and biomass was shown to be closely related to sediment properties, from which organic material and grain size are probably most important. 

Formation of aggregates, which allows inclusion of particulate organic matter (POM), thereby making it inaccessible to decomposing microorganisms, is a fundamental process in C sequestration. Besides the action of the soil macrofauna (already mentioned in Section 5.2), which aids in aggregate formation by reducing the size... 

Andersen, F.O., and Kristensen, E. (1992) The importance of benthic macrofauna in decomposition of microalgae in a coastal marine sediment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 1392-1403. 

Bianchi, T.S., Johansson, B., and Elmgren, R. (2000a) Breakdown pf phytoplankton pigments in Baltic sediments effects of anoxia and loss of deposit-feeding macrofauna. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 251, 161-183. 

Cederwall, H., and Elmgren, R. (1980) Biomass increase of benthic macrofauna demonstrates eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Ophelia 1, 287-304. 

Heck, K.L., Able, K.W., Roman, C.T., and Fahay, M.P. (1995). Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a New England estuary comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18, 379-389. 

Schaffner, L.C., Dickhut, R.M., Mitra, S., Lay, P.W., and Brouwer-Riel, C. (1997) Effects of physical chemistry and bioturbation by estuarine macrofauna on the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the benthos. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3120-3125. 

Mottl (1942) was the first to report in detail Pleistocene mammalian fossils from the limestone and gravel of the Castle Hill of Buda, at an altitude of 150-160 m a.s.l. The material from the underlying gravel of the limestone is composed of macrofauna elements only, because the sporadic finds were found during building constructions. 

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