Machine bureaucracy

Under] the absolute monarchy, during the first revolution, under Napoleon, bureaucracy was only the means of preparing the dass rule of the bourgeoisie. Under the Restoration, under Louis Philippe, under the parliamentary republic, it was the instrument of the ruling class, however much it strove for power of its own. Only under the second Bonaparte does the state seem to have made itself completely independent. As against civil society, the state machine has consolidated its position so thoroughly that the chief of the Society of December 10 suffices for its head. ... 

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