M-shaped deformation

Tanaka and Asao (2006] have also proposed an atomic model for M-shaped deformations, assuming the orientation of (layer or chain] segments and successive relaxation. As illustrated in Fig. 3.10a, before 

An atomic model for the photoinduced M-shaped deformation (Tanaka and Asao, 2006, copyright permission from the Japan Society of Applied Physics). The electric field of linearly polarized bandgap light is assumed to be horizontal. See the text for (a-d). Note that the scales are different between (a-c) and (d) (a-c) being drawn in atomic ( nm) scales, while in (d) the atomic scale is mixed with a micrometer scale of a circular light spot (gray circle). 

Lastly, it is mentioned that the origin of chaotic deformation (Fig. 3.8c) has been left untouched. The deformation implies that additional forces, which are weaker and/or nonlinear, still exist. The optical force, described in section 3.3.3.7, may be responsible for it. 

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Figure 3.3 Shape variations of photodeformations as functions of the spot diameter 2r of light and the sample thickness W, where L (=a 3 is the penetration depth of light. The giant expansion transforms to the M-shaped and chaotic deformations under prolonged illumination of linearly polarized light (see section 3.3.3.1].

Figure 3.8 A sequential change, taken by atomic force microscopy, of a AS2S3 film (2.3 pm thick] exposed to focused ( 5 pm] linearly (horizontally] polarized laser light with photon energy and intensity of 2.3 eV and 0.1 mW (Tanaka and Asao, 2006, copyright permission from the Japan Society of Applied Physics], (a] Isotropic volume expansion at an exposure time of 0.5 min, (b] anisotropic M-shaped (cross-sectional] deformation at 30 min, and (c] chaotic pattern at 25 hr.

In a steady rotational shear field a spherical micro-organism with a soft wall will be deformed to an ellipsoidal shape. The deformation, M, is defined in... 

Here m is the usual small-strain tensile stress-relaxation modulus as described and observed in linear viscoelastic response [i.e., the same E(l) as that discussed up to this point in the chapter). The nonlinearity function describes the shape of the isochronal stress-strain curve. It is a simple function of A, which, however, depends on the type of deformation. Thus for uniaxial extension,... 

In order to answer this question, it is convenient to choose as a starting point the tetragonally shaped FeS2—m type cell, as defined in (iii) on p. 86. An orthorhombic deformation of this cell in fine with the experimental data would require an increase of a and/or a decrease of c according to... 

The contact angle could be determined directly at the contact line or calculated from the spherical shape of the droplet to be 8.4 ° and 8.9 respectively. On the heterogeneous copolymer surface, the droplets were not perfectly spherical and the contact line exhibited deviations from the circular contour. The dendrimer droplets (y=29.3 mN/m) displayed a greater contact angle of ca. 18.5 ° on the copolymer film (y=23 mN/m) compared to the droplets on mica. Deformation of the droplets by the tapping tip and thus caused underestimation of the contact angle have been discussed in [319]. 

First we consider the geometry issues. As mentioned, only the hybridization compatible deformations of geometry affect the shape of the hybridization tetrahedron. On the other hand one can easily see that variation of the valence angle Xmm with m < m reduces to rotations of the involved bond vectors enmLm and around the axis orthogonal to the both coordination tetrahedron vectors ... 

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