M- adenine

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide phosphate sodium salt, NADPH) [2646-71-1] M 833.4, pK as for NADP. Mostly similar to NADH above. 

P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced di-Na salt trihydrate (reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide sodium salt, NADH) [606-68-8] M 763.5, pK as for NAD. 

Aininopyridine adenine dinucleotide [21106-96-7] M 635.4 (see NAD for pK) Purified by ion exchange chromatography [Fisher et al. J Biol Chem 248 4293 7975 Anderson and Fisher Methods Enzymol 66 81 1980]. 

The spectrum has been measured in the presence of 10 M adenine by using the 632.8-nm exciting line of a He-Ne laser. Although the laser power is low (around 5 mW), the resonance with the plasmonic band at 624 nm (see Fig. 20.4) ensures 

Fig. 13. SERS-spectrum of a solution containing adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Freshly prepared silver colloids, pH 4.5, 4x 10 M adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine added laser excitation line 514 nm, laser power 100 mW

Three of the bases (cytosine adenine and guanine) occur m both RNA and DNA 

Figure 50. Pressure-area isotherms for L36 (a) pure water as subphase, (b) 0.1 M adenine in pure water as subphase at 298 K.

Fig. 10. SERS spectra of poly-A and its building stones adenine, adenosine 5 -monophosphate and ribose 5-phosphate. Freshly prepared silver colloids, pH 4.5 4 x 10 M adenine, 5 -AMP or ribose 5-phosphate added poly-A concentration 1.6mg/ml Laser excitation line 514nm, laser power 200 mW. (The drawing of poly-A in d shows the adenine base and the sugar-phosphate backbone outside the molecule)

Fig. 3.4. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of purine and pyrimidine bases guanine (2 x lO- M), adenine (3 x I0-5 M), thymine (3 x 0 4 M) and cytosine (3 x 10 4 M) in borate buffer (pH = 10.02) (a) with ultrasonic pretreatment (power intensity 72 W/cm2, horn tip-electrode separation 5 mm, (b) successive scan without ultrasonic pretreatment. DPV conditions scan rate 5 mV/s, amplitude 50 mV. (Reprinted from ref. [68] with

Fig. 4.2. Differential pulse voltEunmetric determination of purine Euid P5rrimidine bases guanine (2 X 10 M), adenine (3 X 10 M), thymine (3 X 10 M) and cytosine (3 X 10 M) in borate buffer (pH 10.02), (a) with ultrasonic pretreatment (power intensity, 72 W cm horn tip-electrode separation, 5 mm), (b) successive scan without ultrasonic pretreatment. Scan rate, 5 mV s amplitude, 50 mV. (Reproduced from Ref. [80] with permission from Elsevier.)

Indicators There are certain compounds that are suitable as indicators for sensitive and specific clinical analysis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) occurs in oxidized (NAD" ) and reduced (NADH) forms. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) also has two states, NADP" and NADPH. NADH has a very high uv—vis absorption at 339 nm, extinction coefficient = 6300 (M cm) , but NAD" does not. Similarly, NADPH absorbs light very strongly whereas NADP" does not. 

Reaction 6. Succinate dehydrogenase then catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the next step. The oxidizing agent,//op/m adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is reduced in this step  

Firefly lucifenn is an example of an azole that contains a benzene ring fused to the five membered ring Such structures are fairly common Another example is benzimidazole present as a structural unit m vitamin B12 Some compounds related to benzimidazole include purine and its ammo substituted derivative adenine one of the so called het erocychc bases found m DNA and RNA (Chapter 28) 

Volkov, S.N. Conformational transitions and the mechanism of transmission of long-range effects in DNA. Preprint ITP-88-12E, Kiev (1988) 22 Krumhansl, J.A., Alexander, D.M. Nonlinear dynamics and conformational exitations in biomolecular materials. In Structure and dynamics nucleic acids and proteins. (Clementi, E., Sarma, R.H., eds) Adenine Press, New York (1983) 61-80 

---