Lysis processes

The basic function of lysis processes is to split molecules to permit further treatment. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water reacts with another substance. In the reaction, the water molecule is ionized while the other compound is split into ionic groups. Photolysis, another lysis process, breaks chemical bonds by irradiating a chemical with ultraviolet light. Catalysis uses a catalyst to achieve bond cleavage. 

The mechanism by which human blood clots is another example of the hydra phenomenon. Once thought to be relatively simple and well understood, discoveries of various exogenous activation factors have revealed that the clotting (and lysis) process is very complex. The following discussion, though sufficiently detailed to be a foundation for the drug products to be considered, will understandably be condensed. 

The development of more rapid and less invasive lysis protocols is a cmcial area that needs to be improved. The extent to which the lysis process alters cellular behavior is still unclear. Particularly, the intracellular molecules such as mRNAs and regulatory proteins may respond to stress conditions rapidly. Faster and more controlled lysis methods will provide a window through which the natural state of dynamic intracellular environments can be studied. Important advances in several areas are expected, including laser-based lysis and strategies that carefully combine chemical and electrical lysis methods by utilizing microenvironmental controls within a device. 

The concentration of the electroactive species is the major parameter that determines the maximum feasible current density and, hence, the optimum space-time yield. This current normally is proportional to concentration and therefore the concentration of electroactive species will also be as high as possible in most systems, being limited only by cost, solubility or post-electro-lysis process requirements. 

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