Lyngbya majuscula toxin

Cyanobacteria blooms can pose an extremely serious threat to human health (970-972), and some of the causative toxins contain halogen. The fresh water toxic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii produces oscillaginin A (916), which features the novel 3-amino-10-chloro-2-hydroxydecanoic acid, and is the source of the micro-cystins, which are heptatoxins (973). The prolific cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Curacao has furnished the novel barbamide (917) (974) and dechlorobarbamide (918) (975). Extensive biosynthetic studies show that the amino acids leucine, cysteine, and phenylalanine are involved in barbamide production (976-982). The chlorination of leucine is of great interest and may involve a radical mechanism (976, 980-983). 

Osborne NJT, Webb PM, Shaw GR (2001) The Toxins of Lyngbya majuscula and Their Human and Ecological Health Effects. Environ Int 27 381... 

Brine shrimp toxicity guided fractionation of the extracts from two mixed Fijian collections of the cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix sp. led to the isolation of eleven novel chlorinated lipids, taveuniamides A-K 369-379. All of these metabolites showed an intriguing constellation of unsaturation (olefinic and acetylenic bonds) and chlorination at the two termini of a 15-carbon chain. The central carbon atom of the chain (C-8) was substituted in each case with an N-acetate function. Taveuniamides F 374, G 375 and K 379 were the most potent brine shrimp toxins with LD50S between 1.7 - 1.9 mg mL , while taveuniamides A-E 373-377 showed moderate activity LD50 3-5 mg mL. Taveuniamides G 375, 1 377, and J 378 were essentially inactive at a concentration of 10 mg mL. ... 

Han, B., Gross, H., Goeger, D.E., Mooberry, S.L., and Gerwick, W.H. (2006) Aurilides B and C, cancer cell toxins from a Papua New Guinea collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. 

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