Lutetium alloys

Lundin (1966) tried to include alloys of the lanthanum-lutetium system in his study of the formation of the samarium-type structure in intra rare earth alloys. The wide differences in the melting points (La 918°C Lu 1663°C) and densities (La 6.146 g/cm Lu 9.841 g/cm ) allowed the lutetium to settle to the bottom of molten lanthanum during the alloying process. Alloys were inverted and remelted several times to improve the homogeneity. Lundin reported (1) lanthanum-lutetium alloys formed a complex microstructure that had a different appearance than that of the samarium-type structure formed in the other alloy systems between a light and a heavy lanthanide or yttrium metal and (2) X-ray analysis failed to confirm the... 

Fig. 37. Lattice spacings in the cerium-lutetium alloy system. The straight lines represent the Vegard s law relationships in the various phase regions based on the accepted parameters listed in table Z...

Although the generalized phase diagram may be used with confidence for most binary combinations, it appears it may not be valid with regard to the formation of the S phase in lutetium alloys with the hght lanthanides. On the basis of an X-ray study in both the La-Lu (section 2.8.1) and Nd-Lu (section 2.36.1) systems, no 5-phase structure was observed in the X-ray patterns of alloys that were expected to have this phase. 

Sessler, J.L. et al. (1997) Biomedical applications of lanthanide(III) texaphyrins. Lutetium(III) texaphyrins as potential photodynamic therapy photosensitizers, J. Alloys Compd. 249, 146-152. 

A mixture of 0.16g of lutetium monophthalocyaninate acetate and 0.3g of dicyanobenzo-15-crown-5 (DCBC), dried in vacuo, was rafted (melted) in a vacuum glass ampoule, immersed in Wood alloy, at successive increases of temperature from 240 to 260°C. The melted phase was kept at 260°C for 0.5 hr. The molar ratio of the initial reagents Lu salt DCBC was chosen as... 

Jung, P. and Lasser, R. (1992) Short-range ordering of hydrogen isotopes in lutetium, J. Alloys Compounds 190, 25—29. 

Lai -j Ce TbyP04 exhibit strong green emission radiation. Such kinds of compounds are called phosphors and are used to display color in television. Terbium is also used as an alloy material in compact discs, see also Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Samarium Ytterbium. 

Alloying of YbCotln in the series Ybi-jcR InCat (R = Y, La, Ce, Lu) has been studied for various x values (Mushnikov et al., 2002). Correlating with the size of the rare earth elements, the lattice parameters increase with x for R = Y, La, and Ce, while they decrease for lutetium. The influence of alloying on the valence transition temperature is discussed. Zhang et al. (2002) investigated the ytterbium substitution by yttrium, lutetium, and zirconiunL... 

The known phase relationships, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of the known rare earth binary phase diagrams have been critically evaluated. The intra rare earth binary alloy systems will be reported in order of increasing atomic number with the exception of scandium and yttrium, which will follow lutetium in that order. The first system to be considered is lanthanum-cerium (atomic numbers 57 and 58) followed by lanthanum-praseodymium (atomic numbers 57 and 59), etc. Following... 

Anderson et al. (1958) measured the effect of lutetium additions on the superconducting transition temperature of lanthanum and reported that alloys containing 55 and 80 at% La each had the lanthanum dhcp structure. These results are consistent with those reported above by Lundin. 

Lundin (1966) reported lattice spacings for the two phases found in a 34at% La-66 at% Lu alloy. For the lanthanum solid solution he found a = 3.727A and c = 12.028 A. For the lutetium solid solution he reported a and c lattice spacings of 3.547 and 5.642 A, respectively. 

In his investigation of the nature of the formation of the Sm-type structure, Lundin (1966) included some alloys in the neodymium-lutetium system that combine the heaviest of the heavy lanthanides with the heaviest of the light lanthanides that still have the dhcp structure. His neodymium metal was 99.9 -I- wt% pure... 

Smidt (1962) investigated electrical resistivity of several rare earth alloys including the Gd-Lu system. His investigation established the existence of complete solid solubiUty for the hep phase (aGd and Lu) of this system. But since there is no high temperature bcc phase for lutetium, the jSGd phase must terminate somewhere in the Gd-Lu system we estimate it to be —40 at% Lu (see section 3.3). 

Smidt and Daane (1963) reported lattice spacings for gadolinium and lutetium metals and for four alloy compositions in this system. According to the chemical... 

Smidt (1962) and Smidt and Daane (1963) investigated electrical resistivity of several rare earth alloy systems and reported the existence of complete solubility in the terbium-lutetium system as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and resistivity methods. This result was not unexpected since these metals satisfy the Hume-Rothery requirements for formation of extensive solid solutions similar valence, electronegativities and crystal structures, and have a difierence in metalUc radii of less than 3%. 

The heat capacity from -267 to 27°C (60 to 300 K) of 9.65 at% Er-Lu alloy has been measured by Taylor et al. (1972) using an adiabatic calorimeter and a platinum resistance thermometer. The metals used in preparing the alloy were vacuum sublimed in tantalum at 10 torr and 1600°C for lutetium and 1400°C for erbium, then analyzed for impurities. The alloy was remelted several times to insure homogeneity, cast to a cylindrical shape and machined. After heat capacity measure-... 

---