Lutein breast cancer

Carotenoids and breast cancer — Among seven case-control studies investigating the correlation between different carotenoid plasma levels or dietary intakes and breast cancer risk, five showed significant inverse associations with some carotenoids. - In most cases, this protective effect was due to 3-carotene and lutein. However, one (the Canadian National Breast Screening Study ) showed no association for all studied carotenoids including (I-carotene and lutein. More recently, another study even demonstrated a positive correlation between breast cancer risk and tissue and serum levels of P-carotenes and total carotenes. Nevertheless, these observational results must be confirmed by intervention studies to prove consistent. 

Hormonal therapies that have been studied in the treatment of primary or early breast cancer include antiestrogens, oophorectomy, ovarian irradiation, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, and aromatase inhibitors. 

Klijn JG, Blarney RW, Boccardo F, Tominaya T, Duchateau L, Sylvester R. Combined tamoxifen and luteinizing-hormone (LHRH) agonist versus LHRH agonist alone in premenopausal advanced breast cancer a meta-analysis of four randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2001 19 343-53. 

In women reserpine causes a small increase in circulating concentrations of prolactin (1006), which could be related to the small increase in the risk of breast cancer. In 27 hypertensive men reserpine 0.25 mg/day for 3 months had no effect on testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, or prolactin (1007). 

LHRH is a decapeptide hormone (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and induces the release of gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) into the systemic circulation. LHRH agonists are commonly used to treat prostate cancer, while antagonists of LHRH are useful for many indications in men and women, such as breast and prostate cancer. 

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