Lung ventilation, model

The deposition model used here includes expressions for diffusion (Ingham, 1975) sedimentation (Pich, 1972) and impaction (Egan and Nixon, 1985) and a realistic treatment of lung ventilation. It can be shown that this predicts the aerosol deposition measured in the lungs of human subjects (summarised by Rudolf (1986)) over the range of aerosol size from 5 nm to 5 pm diameter, and for all breathing conditions tested, to within 207o of measured values. 

Brown RFR, Jugg BJ, Harban FM, Platt J, Rice P (2003). Pathological improvement following protective ventilation strategy in an inhalationally-induced lung injury model. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 167(7) A775, April 2003. 

Asgharian, B., Price, O.T., and Hofmann, W. (2006). Prediction of Particle Deposition in the Human Lung Using Realistic Models of Lung Ventilation. J. Aerosol Sd., Vol. 37, pp. 1209 1221. 

J.P. Meinhardt, U. Friess, H.J. Bender, R.B. Hirschl, M. Quintel, Relationship among cardiac index, inspiration/expiration ratio, and perfluorocarbon dose during partial liquid ventilation in an oleic acid model of acute lung injury in sheep, J. Pediatr. Surg. 40 (2005) 1395-1403. 

Avent, M.L. Gal, P. Ransom, J.L. Brown, Y.L. Hansen, C.J. Comparing the delivery of albuterol metered-dose inhaler via an adapter and spacer device in an in vitro infant ventilator lung model. Ann. Pharmacother. 1999, 33 (2), 141-143. 

They coupled gas exchange with mechanical and fluid properties of the lungs and simulated ventilator conditions on a premature infant. Such a model can become an effective tool to support technicians deciding ventilation strategies in newborns. 

Fuller HD, Dolovich MB, Chambers C, Newhouse MT. Aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation a predictive in-vitro lung model. J Aerosol Med 1992 5 251-259. 

As shown from measurements in airway models or theories using modifications of the friction coefficients, the vast majority of the pressure drop across the entire lung occurs within the large airways, say 0 n 8. I us clinical evaluation of total airway resistance can miss diseases of the small airways whose diameters are less than 2 mm, the so-called silent zone of the network. Pressure drop measurements and models are also important for the design of ventilators and other respiratory assist or therapeutic devices that interface with lung mechanics. 

Ventilators supply air to the infant s lungs when he or she is too ill or too weak to breathe on his or her own. Recent models of infant ventilators are highly computerized and featiu"e diverse modes of operation, including assist control, which allows for the infant to participate in the respiratory process. Some models incorporate real-time data on the infimt s pulmonary function. 

Mehta S, McCool FD, Hill NS. Leak compensation in positive pressure ventilators a lung model study. Fur Respir J 2001 17 259-267. 

Saatci E, Miller DM, Stell IM, et al. Dynamic dead space in face masks used with noninvasive ventilators a lung model study. Eur Respir J 2004 23 129-135. 

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