Lumped dissipation frequencies

B. Macroscopic Balance Equations and Lumped Dissipation Frequencies. 49... 

Fig. 8. Lumped dissipation frequencies in collisions for neon and nitrogen.

However, the representation of the momentum gain-to-loss ratio at the bottom of Fig. 10 makes it obvious that the evolution of this quantity toward the value 1 takes place much faster. The almost complete compensation of the momentum gain and loss is reached much earlier, at about 10 s, and this happens nearly independent of the field strength. This evolution is largely in agreement with the magnitude and the weak energy dependence of the lumped frequency for momentum dissipation by collisions in neon presented above in Fig. 8. 

Consideration of Fig. 11 immediately shows that at the low field (left), after an initial relaxation phase, the mean power loss by elastic collisions P /n becomes the dominant energy loss channel. This means as was already seen from Fig. 9 (left), that the final establishment and compensation of the power balance occur only by elastic collisions in the region of low electron energies. However, as can be seen from Fig. 8, for neon, the lumped frequency v U) for energy dissipation in collisions has very small values at lower energies, which makes the large relaxation time in neon at this field strength immediately understandable. 

ASTM D150 Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation includes the determination of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, loss index, power factor, phase angle, and loss angle through specimens of solid electrical insulating materials when the standards used are lumped impedances. The frequency range that can be covered extends from less than 1 Hz to several hundred megahertz. 

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