Luminescent polymerization

III. LUMINESCENT POLYMERIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING AN ISOCYANIDE LIGAND ASSEMBLED VIA M M INTERACTIONS... 

Luminescent Polymeric Systems Containing an Isocyanide Ligand 65... 

Two tungsten alkylidyne polymers [W(sC-(4-NCsH2-3,5-Me2))(0 Bu)3] (34) and [W(=C-(3-NC5H4))(0 Bu)3] (35) displayed emission at 635 and 640 nm, respectively, in the solid state at 77 K." Under similar conditions, the monomeric [W(=CR)(0 Bu)3] (R = aryl, alkyl) complexes were nonemissive. It was proposed that the [W=C-pyridine] TT-system contributed significantly to the frontier orbitals of these luminescent polymeric materials. 

Tamaki K, Shimomuia M (2002) Fabrications of luminescent polymeric nanoparticles containing lanthanide (IB) ion complexes. Int J Nanosci 1 533-537... 

Liu NJ, Wang BY, Liu WS, Bu WF (2011) Luminescent polymeric hybrids formed by platinum(II) complexes and block copolymers. Chem Commun 47 9336-9338. doi 10. 1039/clccl2192h... 

The picture presented above for confinement of the excitons within the device is for the EM layer sandwiched between the HTL and ETL. The EM need not be a discrete layer in the OLED, however, for exciton confinement to occur. Alternatively, the EM can consist of a luminescent molecule doped (- 1%) into a polymeric or molecular host material (40,41,54,55). So long as the energy gap (or band gap) of the host is higher than that of the EM dopant, excitons will be effectively trapped or confined on the dopant molecules leading to improved EL efficiency. An example of such a dopant-based device... 

The cadmium chalcogenide semiconductors (qv) have found numerous appHcations ranging from rectifiers to photoconductive detectors in smoke alarms. Many Cd compounds, eg, sulfide, tungstate, selenide, teUuride, and oxide, are used as phosphors in luminescent screens and scintiUation counters. Glass colored with cadmium sulfoselenides is used as a color filter in spectroscopy and has recently attracted attention as a third-order, nonlinear optical switching material (see Nonlinear optical materials). DiaLkylcadmium compounds are polymerization catalysts for production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Mixed with TiCl, they catalyze the polymerization of ethylene and propylene. 

The red-luminescence (612 nm) europium complex is an excellent luminescer in commercial use however, the green-luminescence Tb +-cored dendrimer complex enables a simultaneous assay at another wavelength (545 nm). The latex formation was carried out by mini-emulsion radical polymerization of the monomers dissolving the Tb +-cored dendrimer complexes. The polymeriza-... 

The complex [Ir(ppy)2(dpt-NH2)]PF6 (175), dpt-NH2 4-ami no-3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-477-1,2,-4-triazole, (176), has been synthesized and characterized319 A reversible, one-electron oxidation of (175) is assigned to removal of an electron from an Ir (/--based orbital. (175) luminesces at room temperature and 77 K. The complex (175), when immobilized in a polymeric matrix, acts as an... 

Lamture, J.B., and Wensel, T.G. (1995) Intensely luminescent immunoreactive conjugates of proteins and dipicolinate-based polymeric Tb (III) chelates. Bioconjug Chem 6(1), 88-92. 

EL from tetraalkoxy-substituted PPV 20, synthesized by Gilch polymerization, was recently reported [84], A multilayer device ITO/PEDOT/20/PBD/LiF/Al with PBD as an ETL emits green-yellow light with a luminescent efficiency of 0.121m/W, a maximum brightness of 8200 cd/m2, and a turn-on voltage of 5 V. 

Although the exact mechanism of the fluorenone formation is not known, it is believed that the monoalkylated fluorene moieties, present as impurities in poly(dialkylfluorenes), are the sites most sensitive to oxidation. The deprotonation of rather acidic C(9)—H protons by residue on Ni(0) catalyst, routinely used in polymerization or by metal (e.g., calcium) cathode in LED devices form a very reactive anion, which can easily react with oxygen to form peroxides (Scheme 2.26) [293], The latter are unstable species and can decompose to give the fluorenone moiety. It should also be noted that the interaction of low work-function metals with films of conjugated polymers in PLED is a more complex phenomenon and the mechanisms of the quenching of PF luminescence by a calcium cathode was studied by Stoessel et al. [300],... 

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