Luminescence methods

THE WAYS FOR INCREASING OF THE SENSIBILITY OF LANTHANIDES DETERMINATION BY LUMINESCENT METHOD... 

Individual parameters must be validated by the laboratories that produce them. The biocrystallisation method and the luminescence method have been validated for selected crops almost up to steps 5 and 6 (Busscher et al., 2004 Kahl et al, 2003). More correlations with products grown in controlled conditions and evaluations with regard to human health are necessary in order to understand the significance of these methods. 

Blood platelets release ATP, ADP, serotonin, and other compounds and this plays an important role in thrombosis and hemostasy. To study the mechanism of the release, in vitro release of ATP was followed using the firefly luciferase luminescence method [124],... 

A. Fernandez-Gutierrez, A. Munoz de la Pena, Determination of inorganic substances by luminescence methods , In Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy. Methods and Applications. Part 1 (Ed. S.G. Schulman), Wiley, New York, 1985, pp 371-546. 

Electrophoretic and isotachoelectrophoretic techniques are gaining in popularity in soil analysis with applications to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, tetrahydrothiophene and triazine herbicides, Paraquat and Diquat and growth regulators. Other lesser-used techniques include spectrophotometric methods (five determinants), spectrofluorimetric methods (two determinants), luminescence methods (one determinant), titration methods (one determinant), thin-layer chromatography (five applications), NHR spectroscopy (two applications) and enzymic immunoassays (one determinant). 

A photoactivated luminescence method has been described for the rapid screening of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil [51]. 

Fernandez-Gutierrez A. and Munoz de la Pena A. (1985) Determination of Inorganic Substances by Luminescence Methods, in Schulman S. G. (Ed.), Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy, Methods and Applications Part 1, Wiley Sons, New York, pp. 371-546 and references therein (more than 1400). 

Luminescence methods are very sensitive, quantities as little as 1 fem-tomole of ATP being detectable and while measurements may be made using scintillation counters, much simpler equipment that requires neither a radiation source nor a monochromating system is satisfactory. 

The dynamics of protein molecules have been studied intensively using various experimental19-U) and theoretical112 approaches. Luminescence methods are widely applied in these investigations.12 18) Modem concepts about the structure of proteins and their dynamics which have evolved from these investigations are presented briefly in this section. 

Another aspect of minerals and rocks laser-induced luminescence became important recently, especially in Israel. Terrorists have intensively used roadside Ijombs, while the plastic covers simulating local rocks have been used for camouflage of explosive materials. The possibilities of the luminescence method have been checked for the remote detection and identification of such camouflage materials. The luminescence properties of the colored plastics have been investigated in comparison with the corresponding properties of the dolomite rocks, which are imitated. 

This paper reports on research involved the design, construction, and evaluation of a portable instrument, a "luminoscope", for detecting skin contamination by coal tars via induced fluorescence. The instrument has been used in the laboratory to measure the fluorescence of various coal tars and recycle solvents from liquefaction processes spotted on filter paper on rat and on hamster skin. The practical use of the devices in field test measurements to monitor skin contamination of workers at coal gasifier is discussed. The paper also discusses the practicality and usefulness of the luminescence method for detecting skin contamination. 

Beeby, A. Clarkson, I. M. Dickins, R. S. Faulkner, S. Parker, D. Royle, L. de Sousa, A. S. Williams, J. A. G. Woods, M. Non-radiative deactivation of the excited states of europium, terbium and ytterbium complexes by proximate energy-matched OH, NH and CH oscillators an improved luminescence method for establishing solution hydration states. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1999, (3), 493-503. 

Luminescence spectroscopy involves three related optical methods fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescene. These methods utilize excited molecules of an analyte to give a species whose emission spectrum can provide information about the molecule. In fluorescence, atoms can be excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of photons of radiation. Some features of luminescence methods are increased sensitivity (in the order of three magnitudes smaller than absorption spectroscopy), larger linear range of concentration, and method selectivity (Parsons 1982). 

Homma, Y., Y. Murase, and M. Takiue. 1987. Determination of 222Rn by air luminescence method. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 119 457 -65. 

Of the various techniques routinely available, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy usually provide the most valuable information in terms of the determination of the most appropriate valence description (A-D, Chart 1) of the carbon fragment. Mossbauer spectroscopy has also been used with good effect with iron-containing poly-carbon complexes.89 This solution-based work is complemented by a significant number of solid-state structural studies, which are described in greater detail below. Electronic spectroscopic methods, including luminescence methods, have been used to probe the electronic structures of a small number of poly-yndiyl complexes and polymers.288 315 340 342 377 380 Selected IR, 13C NMR, and UV-vis data have been given in Tables I-VIII, above. 

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