Luminescence lanthanide hybrids

New luminescent hybrid mesoporous material was prepared by covalent anchoring rare earth complex onto MCM-41 by a postsynthesis approach. The monomer (referred to here as PABI) which plays double roles, i.e., as a ligand for lanthanide ion and as an organic functional molecule to modify MCM-41 is synthesized and characterized by H NMR and MS. The fluorescence spectra show clearly that the hybrid mesoporous material possesses excellent luminescence characteristics. The hybrid mesoporous material retains the structure of MCM-41 after modification. 

Faulkner, S., Natrajan, L.S., Perry, W.S., and Sykes D. (2009) Sensitized luminescence in lanthanide containing arrays and d-f hybrids. Dalton Transactions, 20, 3890-3899. 

The luminescence of lanthanide ions in solids has been the subject of several books or chapters [1-12] and has an immense scope. Since 1 was asked to write this review within a short time, I have failed to give a comprehensive survey but have given a qualitative overview of several areas with some references to more quantitative treatments. Topics such as lanthanide luminescence of laser materials [4,8,13,14], sensors [15], hybrid materials [16], organolanthanide, and coordination compounds [17] are missing. So what is here in October 2009 - basically, a description of the luminescence spectra of lanthanide ions in the solid state and some applications of phosphor materials. 

Binnemans K (2009) Lanthanide-based luminescent hybrid materials. Chem Rev 109 4283 374... 

Li Q, Yan B (2012) Luminescent hybrid materials of lanthanide (3-diketonate and mesoporous host through the covalent and ion bonding with anion metathesis. Dalton Trans 41 8567-8573... 

Li Q, Yan B (2014) Luminescent hybrid nanoparticles prepared by encapsulated lanthanide chelates to the silica microsphere. Colloid Polym Sci 292 1385-1393... 

Escribano P, Julian-Lopez B, Planelles-Arago J et al (2008) Photonic and nanobiophotonic properties of luminescent lanthanide-doped hybrid organic-inorganic materials. J Mater Chem 18 23-40... 

Escribano, R, Julian-Lopez, B., Planelles-Arago, J., et al. (2008) Photonic and nanobiophotonic properties of luminescent lanthanide-doped hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18, 23 0. Leonard, J.P., Nolan, C.B., Stomeo, F., and Grmnlaugsson, T. (2007) Photochemistry and photophysics of... 

Pope, S.J.A., Coe, B.J., Faulkner, S., et al. (2004) Self-assembly of heterobimetalhc d-f hybrid complexes sensitization of lanthanide luminescence by d-block metal-to-Ugand charge-transfer excited states. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126, 9490. 

The two calix[4]arenes, 24 and 26, are examples of useful derivatives the former binds lanthanides to form luminescent complexes, the latter, prepared from compound 25, is water soluble and crystallizes in a variety of forms, from laminates to nanospheres. Other derivatives are to be found in the literature. Simple derivatives, such as the O-alkyl compounds, are used as a basis for upper rim functionalization treatment of these compounds with nitric acid replaces the upper f-butyl groups with nitrates. Nitrocalixarenes can be reduced to the corresponding amines to generate a platform for further extension of the cavity and have been used to bind metals or small molecules. Oxa- and azacalix[3]arenes represent crown ether-calixarene hybrids and have binding modes reminiscent of both classes of molecules. Many alternative upper rim substituents can be introduced and, in the case of the azacalixarenes, the /V-substituent can easily be varied. 

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