Ludwigshafen, Germany

BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany 100 /-C2,/ -C2,C, C 3,C 5 butenes, polygas olefins, alpha olefins... 

Formaldehyde Product Bulletin, Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, Sept. 1975. 

Formamide, BASF Technical Leaflet 1983 BASF data sheet, BASF AG, Operating Division Zwischenpiodukte, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 1989. 

L. Siggel and S. Brode, technical data, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, 1992. 

Until 1982, almost all methyl methacrylate produced woddwide was derived from the acetone cyanohydrin (C-3) process. In 1982, Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Company introduced an isobutylene-based (C-4) process, which was quickly followed by Mitsubishi Rayon Company in 1983 (66). Japan Methacryhc Monomer Company, a joint venture of Nippon Shokubai and Sumitomo Chemical Company, introduced a C-4-based plant in 1984 (67). Isobutylene processes are less economically attractive in the United States where isobutylene finds use in the synthesis of methyl /i / butyl ether, a pollution-reducing gasoline additive. BASF began operation of an ethylene-based (C-2) plant in Ludwigshafen, Germany, in 1990, but favorable economics appear to be limited to conditions unique to that site. 

Manufacture. There are two main 2-pyrroHdinone producers. International Specialty Products (ISP) (GAF Corporation) has manufacturing facihties in Calvert City, Kentucky, and Texas City, Texas, and BASF manufactures it at Ludwigshafen, Germany. Both producers consume most of thek production in the manufacture of l-vinyl-2-pyrrohdinone. 

BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany daniela.berto basf-ag.de... 

BASF Aktiengesellschaft, ZKMJA-Bl, Kunstofflaboratorium, D-670S6 Ludwigshafen, Germany... 

BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Polymer Research, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany Mark R. Schure... 

Rank, Report of Ludwigshafen, Germany (1942), U.S. Bureau of Mines T-346. 

Invented by E Raschig at Ludwigshafen, Germany, in 1906 and commercialized by Raschig in 1907. The Olin Raschig version has a complex flow chart and does not use gelatine. 

The submitters used nitrogen purified by passage through B.T.S. catalyst (B.A.S.F., Ludwigshafen, Germany). The checkers used commercial prepurified nitrogen without further treatment. 

Europe and Japan are far ahead of the US in scaling up electrochemical processes. Companies active in the area are BASF AG (Ludwigshafen, Germany), Hoechst AG (Frankfurt, Germany), SNPE (Paris, France), ICI PLC (Cheschire, UK), Asahi Chemical Co (Nobeoka, Japan), LTEE d Hydro Quebec, et al. 

Heitz, T Heym, M., Muhlbach, K. and Plachetta, C., Stabilized polyester moulding compositions, US Patent 5 733 959 (to BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), 1998. 

Ludwigshafen, Germany. BASF generated the ionic liquid in situ, to remove waste acidic hydrogen chloride. The key reaction involved is of a well-known generic type ... 

The authors are grateful to Drs. Becker, Hansen, Parg, and Zeeh, Central Laboratory of BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany, for efficient cooperation and synthesis of the chemical compounds The authors particularly are indebted to Dr. Feichtmayr for calculating electron densities and helpful discussion, and to Dr. Haedicke for doing X-ray structural analysis. 

Gamer, A.O., Hellwig, J. Hildebrand, B. (1993) Study of the Prenatal Toxicity ofDiethanol-amin in Rats after Inhalation, Froject No. 31R0233/90010). BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany... 

Address Carl-Bosch Strasse 38 D-67056 Ludwigshafen Germany... 

BASF Urea solution 32.5% AdBlue , Technical Leaflet, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (2003). Reference obtained from www.dieselnet.com/tech/cat scr.html Bissett, E. J. Chem. Eng. Sci. 39, 1233 (1984). 

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