Low-temperature fuel cells, catalysis

Figure 16.1. The energy level of carbon monoxide molecules, and the formation of metal-carbon monoxide bonding [449]. (Reprinted from Grgur BN, Markovic NM, Lucas CA, Ross PN. Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide from platinum single crystals to low temperature fuel cells catalysis. Part 1 carbon monoxide oxidation onto low index platinum single crystals. J Serb Chem Soc 2001 66 785-97. With permission from the Serbian Chemical Society.)...

Hogarth MP, Ralph TR. 2002. Catalysis for low temperature fuel cells. Part III Challenges for the direct methanol fuel cell. Platinum Metals Rev 46 146-164. 

The ideal performance of a fuel cell depends on the electrochemical reactions that occur with different fuels and oxygen as summarized in Table 2-1. Low-temperature fuel cells (PEFC, AFC, and PAFC) require noble metal electrocatalysts to achieve practical reaction rates at the anode and cathode, and H2 is the only acceptable fuel. With high-temperature fuel cells (MCFC, ITSOFC, and SOFC), the requirements for catalysis are relaxed, and the number of potential fuels expands. Carbon monoxide "poisons" a noble metal anode catalyst such as platinum (Pt) in low-temperature... 

Ralph T R and Hogarth M P, 2002, Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells, Part 1, The Cathode Challenges. Platinum Metals Review, 46(1). 

Ralph, T.R. and Hogarth, M.P., Catalysis for low temperature fuel cell. Part I. The cathode challenges. Platinum Metal Rev., 46, 3, 2002. 

Garcia G, Koper MTM (2011) Carbon monoxide oxidation on Pt single crystal electrodes understanding the catalysis for low temperature fuel cells. Chem Phys Chem 12 2064-2072... 

---