Low-temperature effects

One can study specific low temperature effects, such as possible quantum effects ... 

Equation 4.34 satisfactorily describes the low-temperature effect (T <250°C) in the thermodielectric profile, since the resistance of the sample (at T <250°C) is very high and, therefore, the second term of the impedance module, [1 /R]2, can be neglected [15,88],... 

The calorimetric measurements in metal oxide-aqueous electrolyte solution systems are, beside temperature dependence of the pzc measurements, the method for the determination of the enthalpy of the reaction in this system. Because of the low temperature effects in such systems they demand very high precision. That is why these measurements may be found only in a few papers from the last ten years [89-98]. A predominant number of published measurements were made in the special constricted calorimeters (bath type), stirring the suspension. The flow calorimeters may be used only for sufficiently large particles of the solid. A separate problem is the calculation of the enthalpy of the respective reactions from the total heat recorded in the calorimeter. A total thermal effect consists of the heat of the neutralization in the liquid phase, heat connected with wetting of the solid, heat of the surface reaction and heat effects caused by the ion solvation changes (the ions that adsorb in the edl). Considering the soluble oxides, one should include the effects connected with the transportation of the ions from the solid to the solution... 

Patten, R. A., and W. Gordy Electron spin resonance investigations of radiation induced free radicals in DNA and RNA at low temperatures effect of water. Nature 201, 361 (1964). 

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS SYSTEMATIC AND LOW TEMPERATURE EFFECTS... 

Subsequent studies using more sophisticated equipment confirmed the validity of their data but a new mechanistic picture emerged (see Sections IV and V). DeGraff et al. were also the first to study low temperature effects on the photochemistry of phenyl azide [26], They discovered that the absolute rate of formation of 1//-azepine 1 was essentially independent of temperature ( a = — 1.8 + 0.2 kcal/mol). 

There is little that we can say about electrostatic forces in connection with low temperature effects. Undoubtedly, the charged groups of a protein interact and thereby contribute to conformational stability. How-... 

Because of their catalytic function, which provides one with an additional handle or probe for detecting structural effects, enzymes are particularly well suited for studying the behavior of proteins at low temperatures. In this article the emphasis will be on illustrating the effect of subzero temperature on both the structural and catalytic properties of the enzymes and the ability to accumulate, stabilize, and characterize intermediates on the catalytic reaction pathway with very low temperatures. Because the low-temperature effects are intimately related to the cryosolvents used, a brief discussion of the effects of the organic cosolvents is included. 

Very little has been published about the relative low temperature effectiveness of the two metals and their relative resistance to degradation of activity after exposure to elevated temperatures. This is an investigation of these properties of platinum—palladium mixtures. 

Sulfide stress cracking (SSCC) has special importance in the gas and oil industry, as the materials being processed there (natural gas and crude oil) often contain a considerable amount of hydrogen sulfide. SSCC is a low-temperature effect of H2S in an aqueous environment, and sulfidation is the term used for high-temperature (>250°C) sulfur corrosion. In gas pipelines, if the gas is sweet... 

The electron-phonon coupUng in rare-earth (R) compounds can lead to very interesting low-temperature effects in many physical quantities connected with elastic or vibrational degrees of freedom, e.g., in the elastic constants, thermal expansion, magnetostriction and phonon frequencies. The physical nature of these effects depends crucially on the type of electronic ground state and low lying excited states in these compounds. 

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