Lorenz force equation

Sector-type mass analyzers are named for the magnet (B) and electric (E) sectors, which bend the trajectory of ions through curvature paths induced by sector-shaped magnets or curved metal electrodes, respectively. S-MS utilizes the full expression of the Lorenz force equation, which describes magnetic (F ) and electric (F ) forces acting on an ion with charge q ... 

The Ion Cyclotron. Consider again the solution to the single-particle Liouville equation for a single atom of charge g in a uniform magnetic field, B = BqCq (see Fig. 2.5). The velocity-dependent Lorenz force is known to be... 

Equation (2.35), known as the Lorenz-Lorentz relation, provides a method of calculating the molecular polarisability from a macroscopic, observable quantity, the refractive index. We must make the proviso that we stay away from any resonant absorption frequency, where the refractive index is anomalously high. If the refractive index refers to optical frequencies, the polarisability a will be purely electronic in origin. In practice, electronic polarisabilities derived in this way are remarkably insensitive to temperature and pressure, even for highly condensed phases in which intermolecular forces must be large. This is illustrated for the particular case of xenon in Table 2.1. 

One of the most widely used steric parameters is molar refraction (MR), which has been aptly described as a "chameleon" parameter by Tute (160). Although it is generally considered to be a crude measure of overall bulk, it does incorporate a polarizability component that may describe cohesion and is related to London dispersion forces as follows MR = 4TrNa/By where N is Avogadro s number and a is the polarizability of the molecule. It contains no information on shape. MR is also defined by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation ... 

As seen, two equations, may demonstrate reversible reactions. However, the Lorenz system is in fact a model of thermal convection, which includes not only a description of the motion of some viscous fluid or atmosphere, but also the information about distribution of heat, the driving force of thermal convection. The above set can be described by the following matrix, which, however, does not have any probabilistic significance ... 

Lorentz-Lorenz equation. These results show that poly(TFPMA) and PMMA are not completely separated by the centrifugal force, and the composition of the blend polymer gradually changes along the radial direction. The magnitude of the gradients was also confirmed to be dependent on the rotational speed. 

In the ease when the size of one of the partieles tends to infinity (ai/ 2 1)> which corresponds to interactions of colloid particles with a eharged macroseopic sphere (electrode), the force is given by the Lorenz equation... 

Because soiling with particulate soil is caused mainly by adhesion, resistance to soiling is anti adhesion. The latest generation of soil retardants for carpets are repellent compounds that can lower the adhesion of soil particles to fibers. The attraction between nonpolar soil and the fiber surface is probably caused by London dispersion forces arising from fluctuations of electron clouds. Hence, energy of the interaction between the soil and the fiber surface should depend on electron polarizability, which, in turn, is related to the refractive index by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation ... 

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