Lopinavir Ethanol

Disulfiram like reaction with disulfiram, lopinavir/ritonavir, tipronavir, diazoxide, ethanol... 

Ethanol 2.1 ml, b.i.d. Kaletra Oral Solution (Lopinavir and Ritonavir)... 

Ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor with peptidelike structure, has an intrinsic water solubility of l.Opg/ml. Norvir is a thermodynamically stable solution formulation containing 100 mg of ritonavir dissolved in a mixture of oleic acid, Cremophor EL, ethanol, and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and filled into soft gelatin capsules. However, Norvir is being replaced by Kaletra oral solution and soft gelatin capsule, which is a combination of 133.3 mg of lopinavir and 33.3 mg ritonavir dissolved in a mixture of oleic acid, polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Cremophor EL), and propylene glycol. The water-insoluble HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir, is solubilized by a mixture of Vitamin E and medium-chain mono- and diglycerides in 200 mg Fortovase soft gelatin capsules. 

Ritonavir is solubilized in a cosolvent mixture of propylene glycol, ethanol, water, the surfactant Cremophor EL, and peppermint oil to 80 mg/ml in the Norvir oral solution. A similar cosolvent mixture of propylene glycol, 42% ethanol, water, glycerin, the surfactant Cremophor RH 40, and peppermint oil is used to cosolubilize ritonavir to 20 mg/ml and lopinavir, a non-ionizable water-insoluble HIV protease inhibitor, to 80 mg/ml in the Kaletra oral solution. The dose of Kaletra Oral Solution is up to 5 ml twice daily, which is 2.1 ml of ethanol per dose representing the estimated maximum amount of ethanol administered orally per dose. 

Propylene glycol, 42% ethanol, glycerin, Gremophor RH 40, peppermint oil, water. 11.9% Ethanol, dl-Q -tocopherol, corn oil-mono-di-triglycerides, Gremophor RH 40, propylene glycol. Kaletra oral solution (Lopinavir and ritonavir) Neoral oral solution (Cyclosporin A)... 

Lopinavir and ritonavir are co-formulated as both Kaletra soft gelatin capsules and Kaletra oral solution. Kaletra fixed-dose combination oral solution contains 80 mg/mL of lopinavir and 20 mg/mL of ritonavir solubilized in propylene glycol, 42% ethanol, water, glycerin, cremophor RH 40 and peppermint oil. Kaletra oral solution is packaged in a 160-mL multi-dose container and should be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C or at room temperature for no more than two months. Kaletra oral solution has been available in the UK since 2001 and is also available in the USA. 

---