Longitudinal wave velocity

The sonic speed used was longitudinal wave speed, measured using a pulse propagation meter (Model 4, H. M. Morgan Co., Cambridge, Mass.). Pulse frequency was 8-10 kHz. Transverse wave velocity was calculated from longitudinal wave velocity using the approximation... 

This is not a bad assumption, since the material under tension will fail somewhere in the region just beyond the end of the tensile elastic limit. Therefore, the elastic or longitudinal wave velocity is quite appropriate. 

Foam type Volume weight 7 Gas-filling factor G (%) Parameter P Longitudinal Wave Velocity Anisotropy coefficients (Eq. 30 a) Effective anisotropy coefficient q (Eq. 29)... 

The second term k (t) is a dynamic correction function that was determined in a model experiment by the evaluation of caustics. These result in a set of dynamic correction functions, which in a normalised form are called Dynamic Key Curves (DKC). A dynamic key curve has been established for a specimen having a relative initial crack length a/W = 0.30 0.02, relative specimen length L/W = 5.50 0.10, and relative support span S/W = 4.0-4.2. For the range of tf addressed in this paper (tf<9.2 W/Ci where Ci is the longitudinal wave velocity in the specimen) the dynamic key curve is given by the following approximation... 

Figure 14.31 Temperature dependence of the longitudinal wave velocity at 2 MHz parallel (U33) and perpendicular (v ) to the axis of the mesogenic units of a side chain polymer liquid crystal with a polymethylsiloxane backbone. (Adapted from [16] by permission of the J. Physique.)...

Volume at atmospheric pressure = Bulk (isotropic) wave velocity = Longitudinal wave velocity = Mean velocity... 

FIG. 18-17. Bulk longitudinal wave velocity (o) and attenuation (a) at 2 X 10 Hz plotted against temperature for poly(vinyl acetate). (Thurn and Wolf. )... 

It should be noted that the temperature coefficient of longitudinal wave velocity may change abruptly at the glass transition temperature owing purely to the change in thermal expansion coefficient (since it depends on the density as well as the viscoelastic properties) this does not represent any discontinuity in the viscoelastic properties measured at high frequency." ... 

Anisotropy of Longitudinal Wave Velocity in Spherically Shaped Bovine Cortical Bone... 

These present data tell us that the longitudinal wave velocity reflects HAp orientation in the nanoscopic level as well as the stmcture in the microscopic level. 

In dense, non-fractured igneous rocks, the velocity of elastic waves is controlled by mineral composition. This fact is illustrated by the correlation between the longitudinal wave velocity and the Si02 content of igneous rocks. Quartz is characterized by a relatively low velocity. Thus, acidic rocks have lower velocities than basic rocks (Fig. 6.6). 

FIGURE 6.6 Longitudinal wave velocity versus quartz content of magmatic rocks. 

Figure 4. Spherical aberration of optical and acoustic lenses. A(0) is the spherical aberration, R is the radius of curvature of the surface of the lens, Cj is the longitudinal wave velocity of the buffer rod, and C2 is the longitudinal wave velocity of the coupling medium.

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